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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the fifth leading cause of male cancer mortality, necessitating novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Through BG4 ChIP-seq profiling in PCa cells, we identified promoter G-quadruplex (G4) structures in prognosis-associated genes, with GPR137C exhibiting a functional G4 in its promoter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This G4 structure facilitates promoter hypomethylation to activate GPR137C transcription. Moreover, GPR137C promotes tumor microenvironment remodeling by enhancing immune cell infiltration, thereby driving PCa progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Disscussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study establishes promoter G4s as epigenetic regulators in PCa while proposing GPR137C as both a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic nexus for GPCR-targeted drug development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1576835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T05:44:06Z","timestamp":1748583846000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Investigation of GPR137C as a promising novel marker for the progression of prostate cancer through G4 screen and bioinformatics analyses"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haowen","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saisai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Likai","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanjun","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03204-2","article-title":"Androgen receptor pathway inhibitors and taxanes in metastatic prostate cancer: an outcome-adaptive randomized platform trial","volume":"30","author":"De Laere","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1544882","article-title":"The application of emerging immunotherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer: progress, dilemma and promise","volume":"16","author":"Che","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-024-00805-3","article-title":"Clinical implications of ar alterations in advanced prostate cancer: A multi-institutional collaboration","author":"Zengin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.183158","article-title":"Androgen production, uptake, and conversion (Apuc) genes define prostate cancer patients with distinct clinical outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Bergom","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-006020","volume-title":"Yy1 complex in M2 macrophage promotes prostate cancer progression by upregulating il-6.","author":"Chen","year":""},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-020-00400-w","article-title":"Genomic and phenotypic heterogeneity in prostate cancer","volume":"182","author":"Haffner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2022.11.002","article-title":"Management of patients with advanced prostate cancer. 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