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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autoantibodies play a crucial role in the diagnosis and clinical characterization of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). These antibodies are categorized into myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs), which are unique to IIM, and myositis-associated autoantibodies (MAAs), which can be seen with other autoimmune diseases. Both plasmablasts and plasma cells contribute to the production of these autoantibodies. Current B cell-targeted therapies, such as rituximab, have shown promise in refractory IIM, although their limitations \u2013 particularly in targeting plasmablasts and plasma cells \u2013 highlight the need for alternative agents with greater efficacy. This review discusses the evolving landscape of B cell and plasma cell-targeted immunotherapies in IIM, including next-generation anti-CD20 antibodies, BAFF inhibition, anti-CD19 CAR-T cells, BCMA-targeted therapies, and anti-CD38 antibodies. Most studies on the use of these novel treatment strategies in IIM have reported positive outcomes, although the number of patients treated is small. While these therapies represent a paradigm shift, further randomized clinical trials are needed to identify optimal strategies for IIM management and establish long-term safety and efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1581323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T05:25:50Z","timestamp":1752729950000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Emerging B and plasma cell-targeting immune therapies in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Marwin","family":"Groener","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie 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