{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T11:37:03Z","timestamp":1768822623714,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anti-sulfatide antibodies are autoantibodies that are associated with various neurological disorders. They have been identified in several conditions including Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord is mainly caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. Chronic atrophic gastritis is a complex condition characterized by atrophy and inflammation of the gastric mucosa. To date, there have been no reported cases of patients with subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord co-occurring with chronic atrophic gastritis and positive anti-sulfatide antibodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 58-year-old male patient presented with symmetrical progressive numbness of his limbs. Although he did not experience gait instability, he had difficulty performing fine motor tasks in his upper limbs. We reviewed the patient\u2019s medical history and analyzed the results of his blood tests, imaging studies, and gastroscopic. The patient met the criteria for subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, chronic atrophic gastritis, macrocytic anemia, and anti-sulfatide antibody positivity. His symptoms improved after treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first report on the coexistence of positive anti-sulfatide antibodies and subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, including chronic atrophic gastritis and macrocytic anemia, which will enhance our understanding of the relationships between these conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1582265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T05:10:46Z","timestamp":1746421846000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Case Report: A case of subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord associated with chronic atrophic gastritis, macrocytic anemia, and positive anti-sulfatide IgM and IgG antibodies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shun-Zhi","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cai-ming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling-en","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bi-hua","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cai-ling","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.01.071","article-title":"Gastric cancer risk in patients with premalignant gastric lesions: a nationwide cohort study in the Netherlands","volume":"134","author":"de Vries","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2018026839","article-title":"Chronic atrophic gastritis: A review","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i4.563","article-title":"Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: A review","volume":"23","author":"Cavalcoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2016.03.022","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency presenting with neurological dysfunction in an adolescent","volume":"62","author":"Stredny","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.54.7.1448","article-title":"Antisulfatide antibodies in neuropathy: clinical and electrophysiologic correlates","volume":"54","author":"Dabby","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00001","article-title":"Subacute combined degeneration, pernicious anemia and gastric neuroendocrine tumor occurred simultaneously caused by autoimmune gastritis","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i12.1343","article-title":"Correlation between serum vitamin B12 level and peripheral neuropathy in atrophic gastritis","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2022.2046772","article-title":"Nitrous oxide abuse induced subacute combined degeneration despite patient initiated B12 supplementation","volume":"60","author":"Temple","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019700","article-title":"Is serum vitamin B12 decrease a necessity for the diagnosis of subacute combined degeneration?: A meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/rjim-2021-0038","article-title":"Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II presenting as subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord: a neuroendocrinology crossroad","volume":"60","author":"Bapat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Romanian J Internal Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-6331-9_3","article-title":"chap. 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