{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:05:32Z","timestamp":1791821132870,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a rare neurological condition. Tubal ectopic pregnancy is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Regular pregnancy has a disease-modifying effect on MOGAD, with an increased relapse rate postpartum. Still, there are neither case reports nor cohort studies on abortions and ectopic pregnancy as a disease-modifying event for MOGAD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a case report on a severe MOGAD relapse after ectopic pregnancy and laparoscopic abortion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>For the first time we described that elevated interleukin-1 (IL-1), which was found in cerebrospinal fluid in the current case may be pathogenetically related to ectopic pregnancy. Rituximab (anti-CD20 treatment), downregulated IL-1 and TNF-alfa inflammatory pathways thus is an appropriate drug of choice to treat relapse. Cytokines secreted during ectopic pregnancy could play a disease-modifying role in multiple sclerosis and Guillian-Barr\u00e9 syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The first case report of a MOGAD severe relapse after ectopic pregnancy and laparoscopic abortion which resolved with rituximab treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1582789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T05:25:02Z","timestamp":1745558702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Case report on severe myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease relapse after ectopic pregnancy and laparoscopic medical abortion: relevance of peripheral inflammation for demyelinating disease 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