{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:36:52Z","timestamp":1792708612976,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Dolichos lablab L<\/jats:italic>. is a nutritionally and medicinally significant legume, yet research on its bioactive oligosaccharides remains limited. This study investigates the potential of <jats:italic>Dolichos lablab L<\/jats:italic>. oligosaccharides to ameliorate cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression and intestinal damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Crude oligosaccharides were purified to yield mixture SRSV (86% sugar content), comprising sucrose, raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose (mass ratio 19:16.8:50:14.2). Immunosuppressed mice (CTX-induced) were treated with SRSV (150 mg\/kg). Gut microbiota (GM) diversity was analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing, and serum metabolites were profiled using metabolomics. GM-depleted mice (antibiotic-treated) and L-arginine supplementation experiments were used for mechanistic validation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>SRSV preserved intestinal villi integrity, reversed CTX-induced immune organ atrophy, and restored the CD4+T\/CD8+T ratio. It enhanced bone marrow hematopoiesis, elevated peripheral white blood cell and lymphocyte counts, and modulated serum TNF-\u03b1 levels. SRSV increased GM diversity, enriching beneficial taxa (e.g., <jats:italic>Ruminococcus, UBA1819, Anaerofustis<\/jats:italic>) while reducing pathogenic Atopobiaceae. Antibiotic-induced GM depletion abrogated SRSV\u2019s protective effects. Metabolomics identified L-arginine as a key upregulated metabolite, linked to arginine biosynthesis. L-arginine supplementation alone replicated SRSV\u2019s immunoprotective outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>SRSV attenuates CTX-induced immunosuppression through GM-dependent mechanisms and L-arginine-mediated immunomodulation. GM integrity is essential for SRSV efficacy, as its depletion abolishes protection. The restitution of L-arginine levels underpins SRSV\u2019s capacity to restore immune homeostasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>SRSV from <jats:italic>Dolichos lablab L<\/jats:italic>. is a promising natural adjuvant for mitigating chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression and intestinal injury, acting via GM modulation and arginine biosynthesis pathways.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1587426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T04:12:16Z","timestamp":1752639136000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Oligosaccharides from the seeds of Dolichos lablab L. promote gut microbial metabolite L-arginine production to alleviate cyclophosphamide-induced 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