{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T13:47:57Z","timestamp":1791553677416,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy is a reversible non-ischemic acute cardiac dysfunction associated with sepsis. It is strongly associated with an abnormal immune response. It emerges as a vital threat to public health owing to its high mortality rate. However, the exact pathogenesis requires further investigation. In recent years, NETosis and ferroptosis, which are novel modes of programmed cell death, have been identified and found to play important roles in sepsis-related organ damage. This article outlines the mechanisms of these two modes of cell death, discusses the role of neutrophil extracellular traps in myocardial injury and the importance of ferroptosis in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, and reviews the potential interconnection between these two types of programmed cell death in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1590313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T01:34:36Z","timestamp":1745804076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Advances in neutrophil extracellular traps and ferroptosis in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Man","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuying","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liehua","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.08.1037","article-title":"The septic heart: current understanding of molecular mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"155","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666231180526","article-title":"Prevalence and prognosis of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199005000-00002","article-title":"Age, chronic disease, sepsis, organ system failure, and mortality in a medical intensive care unit","volume":"18","author":"Tran","year":"1990","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-022-01089-3","article-title":"Association of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.418","article-title":"The pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets in sepsis","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.962139","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and functions of pyroptosis in sepsis and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1309719","article-title":"Current insight on the mechanisms of programmed cell death in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep339","article-title":"Sepsis and the heart","volume":"104","author":"Hunter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-016-0148-1","article-title":"Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction: pathophysiology and management","volume":"4","author":"Kakihana","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.11.189","article-title":"Pattern recognition receptors: sentinels in innate immunity and targets of new vaccine adjuvants","volume":"11","author":"Olive","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2015.03.003","article-title":"DAMPs activating innate immune responses in sepsis","volume":"24","author":"Kang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25020962","article-title":"PAMPs and DAMPs in sepsis: A review of their molecular features and potential clinical implications","volume":"25","author":"Cicchinelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021415","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4 in acute kidney injury","volume":"24","author":"Vall\u00e9s","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.705080","article-title":"Targeting TLR4 signaling to blunt viral-mediated acute lung injury","volume":"12","author":"Shirey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1574887115666200811105251","article-title":"Gut alterations in septic patients: A biochemical literature review","volume":"15","author":"Longhitano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Recent Clin Trials"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.03.004","article-title":"Decoding Toll-like receptors: Recent insights and perspectives in innate immunity","volume":"57","author":"Kawai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvn044","article-title":"Toll-like receptors and myocardial contractile dysfunction","volume":"78","author":"Takahashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.266","article-title":"Activation of Toll-like receptor 7 provides cardioprotection in septic cardiomyopathy-induced systolic dysfunction","volume":"11","author":"Saiyang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.116.303577","article-title":"The biological basis for cardiac repair after myocardial infarction: from inflammation to fibrosis","volume":"119","author":"Prabhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115493","article-title":"Role of toll-like receptor-mediated pyroptosis in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"167","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2020-0321","article-title":"Rosuvastatin corrects oxidative stress and inflammation induced by LPS to attenuate cardiac injury by inhibiting the NLRP3\/TLR4 pathway","volume":"99","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7455","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35242-0","article-title":"TRPC channels blockade abolishes endotoxemic cardiac dysfunction by hampering intracellular inflammation and Ca(2+) leakage","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2021.0008","article-title":"Damage-associated molecular patterns as double-edged swords in sepsis","volume":"35","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2019.05.009","article-title":"Dual faced HMGB1 plays multiple roles in cardiomyocyte senescence and cardiac inflammatory injury","volume":"47","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab139","article-title":"Extracellular histones are a target in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"118","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.616957","article-title":"Role of complement and histones in sepsis","volume":"7","author":"Zetoune","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052912","article-title":"Oxidative stress in sepsis: A focus on cardiac pathology","volume":"25","author":"Bertozzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2024.08.003","article-title":"Mechanisms of the septic heart: From inflammatory response to myocardial edema","volume":"195","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-020-01233-w","article-title":"Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD): the pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria","volume":"43","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2004.07.005","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide induces oxidative cardiac mitochondrial damage and biogenesis","volume":"64","author":"Suliman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2015.2177","article-title":"Silencing of uncoupling protein 2 by small interfering RNA aggravates mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes under septic conditions","volume":"35","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4710","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25094710","article-title":"Current perspectives of mitochondria in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"25","author":"Kuroshima","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181b4a854","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha decreases sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase expressions via the promoter methylation in cardiomyocytes","volume":"38","author":"Kao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.06.006","article-title":"The neutrophil","volume":"54","author":"Burn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1341752","article-title":"Distinct functional neutrophil phenotypes in sepsis patients correlate with disease severity","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1943","article-title":"Apoptosis and caspases regulate death and inflammation in sepsis","volume":"6","author":"Hotchkiss","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01490-5","article-title":"Neutrophils and emergency granulopoiesis drive immune suppression and an extreme response endotype during sepsis","volume":"24","author":"Kwok","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.03.058","article-title":"Multicentric standardized flow cytometry routine assessment of patients with sepsis to predict clinical worsening","volume":"154","author":"Daix","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ccm.0000000000000344","article-title":"Circulating immature granulocytes with T-cell killing functions predict sepsis deterioration*","volume":"42","author":"Gu\u00e9rin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03481-0","article-title":"Identification and characterization of neutrophil heterogeneity in sepsis","volume":"25","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11020236","article-title":"S100A8\/A9 is a marker for the release of neutrophil extracellular traps and induces neutrophil activation","volume":"11","author":"Sprenkeler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.118.039262","article-title":"S100a8\/a9 signaling causes mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte death in response to ischemic\/reperfusion injury","volume":"140","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.119.043833","article-title":"Neutrophil-derived S100A8\/A9 amplify granulopoiesis after myocardial infarction","volume":"141","author":"Sreejit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-06849-6","article-title":"S100A8\/A9(hi) neutrophils induce mitochondrial dysfunction and PANoptosis in endothelial cells via mitochondrial complex I deficiency during sepsis","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.59.2.229","article-title":"Rapid killing of human neutrophils by the potent activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) accompanied by changes different from typical apoptosis or necrosis","volume":"59","author":"Takei","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092385","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria","volume":"303","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-04-457671","article-title":"NETosis: how vital is it","volume":"122","author":"Yipp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.162","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic target of NETosis in diseases","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201719","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps: double-edged swords of innate immunity","volume":"189","author":"Kaplan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00288","article-title":"The neutrophil\u2019s choice: phagocytose vs make neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"9","author":"Manfredi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4294","article-title":"An emerging role for neutrophil extracellular traps in noninfectious disease","volume":"23","author":"Jorch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1735","article-title":"Inhibition of PAD4 activity is sufficient to disrupt mouse and human NET formation","volume":"11","author":"Lewis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00081","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps and its implications in inflammation: an overview","volume":"8","author":"Delgado-Rizo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165664","article-title":"Mitochondrial permeability transition pore is involved in oxidative burst and NETosis of human neutrophils","volume":"1866","author":"Vorobjeva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2847","article-title":"Infection-induced NETosis is a dynamic process involving neutrophil multitasking in vivo","volume":"18","author":"Yipp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000675","article-title":"A novel mechanism of rapid nuclear neutrophil extracellular trap formation in response to Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"185","author":"Pilsczek","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1414055112","article-title":"SK3 channel and mitochondrial ROS mediate NADPH oxidase-independent NETosis induced by calcium influx","volume":"112","author":"Douda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00307","article-title":"PAD4 mediated histone hypercitrullination induces heterochromatin decondensation and chromatin unfolding to form neutrophil extracellular trap-like structures","volume":"3","author":"Leshner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.24437","article-title":"Diverse stimuli engage different neutrophil extracellular trap pathways","volume":"6","author":"Kenny","year":"2017","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02036","article-title":"Physiological stimuli induce PAD4-dependent, ROS-independent NETosis, with early and late events controlled by discrete signaling pathways","volume":"9","author":"Tatsiy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9080365","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular trap formation: physiology, pathology, and pharmacology","volume":"9","author":"Ravindran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3409","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03257-z","article-title":"JNK activation turns on LPS- and gram-negative bacteria-induced NADPH oxidase-dependent suicidal NETosis","volume":"7","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.105","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in immunity and disease","volume":"18","author":"Papayannopoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/ait.2017.0041","article-title":"Neutrophils, NETs, NETosis - old or new factors in sepsis and septic shock","volume":"49","author":"Lipinska-Gediga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.042","article-title":"Coronary microvascular dysfunction across the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"78","author":"Del Buono","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circheartfailure.123.011057","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in myocardial tissue drive cardiac dysfunction and adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure with dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"17","author":"Ichimura","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci156453","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in cardiac hypertrophy: a KLF2 perspective","volume":"132","author":"Riascos-Bernal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00381.2014","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced myocardial no-reflow: therapeutic potential of DNase-based reperfusion strategy","volume":"308","author":"Ge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci120849","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in pathophysiology of heart failure","volume":"128","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.01.010","article-title":"Is left ventricular systolic dysfunction associated with increased mortality among patients with sepsis and septic shock","volume":"163","author":"Dugar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2020.588347","article-title":"Pivotal role of TGF-\u03b2\/smad signaling in cardiac fibrosis: non-coding RNAs as effectual players","volume":"7","author":"Saadat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181102","article-title":"Midkine drives cardiac inflammation by promoting neutrophil trafficking and NETosis in myocarditis","volume":"216","author":"Weckbach","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9633","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179633","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular trap formation in advanced heart failure patients-preliminary report","volume":"25","author":"Urbanowicz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2015.158","article-title":"Ferroptosis: process and function","volume":"23","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026013394741","article-title":"Oxytosis: A novel form of programmed cell death","volume":"1","author":"Tan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12533","article-title":"Ferroptosis: bug or feature","volume":"277","author":"Dixon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042","article-title":"Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death","volume":"149","author":"Dixon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3779\/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.104.16","article-title":"Mechanism of ferroptosis and its research progress in lung cancer","volume":"23","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.003","article-title":"Ferroptosis turns 10: Emerging mechanisms, physiological functions, and therapeutic applications","volume":"185","author":"Stockwell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.910292","article-title":"System X(c) (-)\/GSH\/GPX4 axis: An important antioxidant system for the ferroptosis in drug-resistant solid tumor therapy","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01769-5","article-title":"Ferroptosis in cancer: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7115","article-title":"GPx4, lipid peroxidation, and cell death: discoveries, rediscoveries, and open issues","volume":"29","author":"Maiorino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(82)90150-3","article-title":"Purification from pig liver of a protein which protects liposomes and biomembranes from peroxidative degradation and exhibits glutathione peroxidase activity on phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides","volume":"710","author":"Ursini","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2298-2","article-title":"Ferroptosis: past, present and future","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.2239","article-title":"ACSL4 dictates ferroptosis sensitivity by shaping cellular lipid composition","volume":"13","author":"Doll","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.5b00245","article-title":"Human haploid cell genetics reveals roles for lipid metabolism genes in nonapoptotic cell death","volume":"10","author":"Dixon","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Chem Biol"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00324-8","article-title":"Ferroptosis: mechanisms, biology and role in disease","volume":"22","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01004-z","article-title":"ACSL4, PUFA, and ferroptosis: new arsenal in anti-tumor immunity","volume":"7","author":"Gan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.037","article-title":"Transferrin and transferrin receptors update","volume":"133","author":"Kawabata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.02.049","article-title":"Transferrin receptor is a specific ferroptosis marker","volume":"30","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/41343","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of a mammalian proton-coupled metal-ion transporter","volume":"388","author":"Gunshin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0897-383","article-title":"Microcytic anaemia mice have a mutation in Nramp2, a candidate iron transporter gene","volume":"16","author":"Fleming","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1705-2","article-title":"The CoQ oxidoreductase FSP1 acts parallel to GPX4 to inhibit ferroptosis","volume":"575","author":"Bersuker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2021.0290","article-title":"The evaluation of iron deficiency and iron overload","volume":"118","author":"Gattermann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-018-0090-y","article-title":"Tom20 senses iron-activated ROS signaling to promote melanoma cell pyroptosis","volume":"28","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02848-0","article-title":"Iron induces B cell pyroptosis through Tom20-Bax-caspase-gasdermin E signaling to promote inflammation post-spinal cord injury","volume":"20","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.821014","article-title":"Iron overload induces oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in chondrocytes","volume":"10","author":"Karim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2021.110024","article-title":"Iron overload induces apoptosis of osteoblast cells via eliciting ER stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and p-eIF2\u03b1\/ATF4\/CHOP pathway in vitro","volume":"84","author":"Che","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1295382","article-title":"ROS-mediated necroptosis is involved in iron overload-induced osteoblastic cell death","volume":"2020","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.002","article-title":"Mercuric chloride induces sequential activation of ferroptosis and necroptosis in chicken embryo kidney cells by triggering ferritinophagy","volume":"188","author":"Chu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.66663","article-title":"Ferroptotic stress promotes macrophages against intracellular bacteria","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181776","article-title":"A major role for ferroptosis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced cell death and tissue necrosis","volume":"216","author":"Amaral","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0800028","article-title":"Myocarditis","volume":"360","author":"Cooper","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2131","article-title":"An overview of the immune mechanisms of viral myocarditis","volume":"30","author":"Lasrado","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3580","article-title":"Identification of a role for TRIM29 in the control of innate immunity in the respiratory tract","volume":"17","author":"Xing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3481","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-44745-x","article-title":"Loss of TRIM29 mitigates viral myocarditis by attenuating PERK-driven ER stress response in male mice","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102833","article-title":"Loss of PERK function promotes ferroptosis by downregulating SLC7A11 (System Xc\u207b) in colorectal cancer","volume":"65","author":"Saini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-022-00840-z","article-title":"TRIM18 is a critical regulator of viral myocarditis and organ inflammation","volume":"29","author":"Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J BioMed Sci"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154668","article-title":"Tiliroside targets TBK1 to induce ferroptosis and sensitize hepatocellular carcinoma to sorafenib","volume":"111","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23003-4","article-title":"Identification of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 9 (PARP9) as a noncanonical sensor for RNA virus in dendritic cells","volume":"12","author":"Xing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1372330","article-title":"Regulation of ferroptosis by PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway: a promising therapeutic axis in cancer","volume":"12","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-022-00957-y","article-title":"ICA69 aggravates ferroptosis causing septic cardiac dysfunction via STING trafficking","volume":"8","author":"Kong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.82287","article-title":"microRNA-130b-3p attenuates septic cardiomyopathy by regulating the AMPK\/mTOR signaling pathways and directly targeting ACSL4 against ferroptosis","volume":"19","author":"Qi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08941939.2022.2157521","article-title":"Resveratrol Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Rats through Anti-Ferroptosis via the Sirt1\/Nrf2 Pathway","volume":"36","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Invest Surg"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.009","article-title":"Ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis is involved in sepsis-induced cardiac injury","volume":"160","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.922534","article-title":"Lipocalin-2 in neutrophils induces ferroptosis in septic cardiac dysfunction via increasing labile iron pool of cardiomyocytes","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-024-03954-4","article-title":"MiR-31-5p alleviates septic cardiomyopathy by targeting BAP1 to inhibit SLC7A11 deubiquitination and ferroptosis","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-022-01808-y","article-title":"N6-methyladenosine writer METTL3 accelerates the sepsis-induced myocardial injury by regulating m6A-dependent ferroptosis","volume":"28","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10863-024-10006-1","article-title":"Silencing of METTL3 suppressed ferroptosis of myocardial cells by m6A modification of SLC7A11 in a YTHDF2 manner","volume":"56","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Bioenerg Biomembr"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.120.316509","article-title":"Loss of cardiac ferritin H facilitates cardiomyopathy via slc7a11-mediated ferroptosis","volume":"127","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.05.036","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular trap-induced ferroptosis promotes abdominal aortic aneurysm formation via SLC25A11-mediated depletion of mitochondrial glutathione","volume":"221","author":"Qi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-023-00986-2","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles protect against abdominal aortic aneurysm formation by inhibiting NET-induced ferroptosis","volume":"55","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102906","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps drive intestinal microvascular endothelial ferroptosis by impairing Fundc1-dependent mitophagy","volume":"67","author":"Chu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.1389","article-title":"METTL3-mediated N6-methyladenosine exacerbates ferroptosis via m6A-IGF2BP2-dependent mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming in sepsis-induced acute lung injury","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.69141","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate m(6)A modification and regulates sepsis-associated acute lung injury by activating ferroptosis in alveolar epithelial cells","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16748","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate sepsis-induced acute lung injury by blocking neutrophil extracellular traps formation and inhibiting ferroptosis in rats","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116621","article-title":"NETs induce ferroptosis of endothelial cells in LPS-ALI through SDC-1\/HS and downstream pathways","volume":"175","author":"Fei","year":"2024","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2023.166688","article-title":"Platelet activation and ferroptosis mediated NETosis drives heme induced pulmonary thrombosis","volume":"1869","author":"NaveenKumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102262","article-title":"ACSL4 deficiency confers protection against ferroptosis-mediated acute kidney injury","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102939","article-title":"HDAC3 aberration-incurred GPX4 suppression drives renal ferroptosis and AKI-CKD progression","volume":"68","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2012060615","article-title":"Dying cells and extracellular histones in AKI: beyond a NET effect","volume":"23","author":"Rosin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117476","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps and cardiovascular disease: Associations and potential therapeutic approaches","volume":"180","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae205","article-title":"Myocardial reperfusion injury exacerbation due to ALDH2 deficiency is mediated by neutrophil extracellular traps and prevented by leukotriene C4 inhibition","volume":"45","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/pl00003795","article-title":"Definition of sepsis","author":"Matot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3109\/10408363.2013.764490","article-title":"Biomarkers of sepsis","volume":"50","author":"Faix","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.1170","article-title":"Neutrophil, neutrophil extracellular traps and endothelial cell dysfunction in sepsis","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.97150","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles accelerate diabetic wound healing by inhibiting NET-induced ferroptosis of endothelial cells","volume":"20","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1590313\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T01:34:39Z","timestamp":1745804079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1590313\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"references-count":138,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1590313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1590313","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"article-number":"1590313"}}