{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T17:43:38Z","timestamp":1793727818074,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bile acids (BAs) are critical mediators of metabolic and immune regulation, influencing both liver and intestinal function. Their homeostasis, maintained through the enterohepatic circulation, is pivotal for immune-metabolic balance. BAs activate key receptors, including Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) and TGR5, to modulate inflammation. FXR exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing NF-\u03baB signaling and cytokine production, whereas TGR5 primarily regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Dysregulated BA signaling, driven by microbial dysbiosis, exacerbates inflammatory diseases like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This review explores the intricate roles of BAs in inflammation, highlighting the microbiome\u2019s influence on BA metabolism and immune responses. Understanding the BA-immune axis offers new therapeutic avenues for modulating inflammation and improving clinical outcomes in inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1595486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T04:10:20Z","timestamp":1747627820000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Bile acid-mediated gut-liver axis crosstalk: the role of nuclear receptor signaling in dynamic regulation of inflammatory networks"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wenlong","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingfen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ22-0544","article-title":"The role of bile acids in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism","volume":"70","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20171965","article-title":"Bile acids in glucose metabolism in health and disease","volume":"215","author":"Shapiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115776","article-title":"Development of bile acid activated receptors hybrid molecules for the treatment of inflammatory and metabolic disorders","volume":"216","author":"Fiorucci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1865-0","article-title":"Microbial bile acid metabolites modulate gut ROR\u03b3(+) regulatory T cell homeostasis","volume":"577","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmy041","article-title":"Toxic effects of arsenic trioxide on Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces through ROS production, and Ca2+-ER stress-dependent apoptosis","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai)"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi5200","article-title":"The spectrum of inflammatory responses","volume":"374","author":"Medzhitov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2020.00161","article-title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis strengthens kupffer cell-mediated hepatitis B virus persistence through inducing endotoxemia in mice","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101032","article-title":"Oxytocin alleviates liver fibrosis via hepatic macrophages","volume":"6","author":"Zhai","year":"2024","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2396-4","article-title":"A metabolic pathway for bile acid dehydroxylation by the gut microbiome","volume":"582","author":"Funabashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm-2018-0404","article-title":"Decreased S1P and SPHK2 are involved in pancreatic acinar cell injury","volume":"13","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"biomark Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00149","article-title":"Pediatric cholestatic liver disease. 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