{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:16:58Z","timestamp":1787026618533,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AG081709, R01AG086271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AG081709, R01AG086271"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thymic B cells comprise a heterogenous population of cells localized primarily within the thymic medulla, a region populated by professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) including dendritic cells, medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), and macrophages. Through expression and presentation of self-antigens, these APCs are responsible for shaping the normal T cell repertoire by negatively selecting thymocytes recognizing self-antigens. It is now clear that thymic B cells have the capacity to participate in negative selection and present cognate antigens distinct from other medullary APCs, thus serving a non-redundant role in mediating T cell central tolerance. Recent work has linked thymic B cells with the development of multiple autoimmune diseases, many of which are increased in prevalence with aging. Here, we will provide a brief overview of the role of thymic B cell subsets in promoting negative selection and immune homeostasis, with a primary focus on the impact of aging on their tolerizing capacity and involvement in autoimmune diseases, highlighting thymic B cells as a potential novel therapeutic target to improve clinical outcomes in patients with autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1595805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T01:22:09Z","timestamp":1750641729000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Thymic B cells in aging and autoimmune disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Wedemeyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann V.","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(61)90693-6","article-title":"Immunological function of the thymus","volume":"2","author":"Miller","year":"1961","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.55.2.121","article-title":"Further experimental studies on the role of the plasma cells as antibody producers","volume":"55","author":"Bjorneboe","year":"1947","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"61","article-title":"Sites of antibody production in the Guinea-pig; the relation between in vitro synthesis of anti-ovalbumin and gamma-globulin and distribution of antibody-containing plasma cells","volume":"37","author":"Askonas","year":"1956","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1953.tb01538.x","article-title":"The effect of colchicine on circulating antibodies, antibody producing tissues and blood cells in rat","volume":"33","author":"Fagraeus","year":"1953","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand"},{"key":"B5","article-title":"The immunological reactivity of the thymus","volume":"42","author":"Marshall","year":"1961","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02136452","article-title":"Antibody production in bursectomized chickens treated with lipid and protein fractions from bursa, thymus and liver","volume":"23","author":"Jankovic","year":"1967","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(83)90031-0","article-title":"Subsets of lymphoid cells in blood and thymus in myasthenia gravis","volume":"4","author":"Fujii","year":"1983","journal-title":"Monoclonal antibody analysis. 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