{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T01:28:33Z","timestamp":1793410113590,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bronchiectasis is a chronic airway disease characterized by dysbiosis, persistent inflammation, and permanent structural airway damage. Neutrophilic inflammation is a key pathogenic feature, as indicated by enhanced neutrophil-derived proteases and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), associated with poor prognosis. However, recent studies have identified an eosinophilic endotype in up to 30% of patients, characterized by higher levels of type 2 (T2) cytokines and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). The role of T helper (Th) cells in the dysregulated inflammatory environment of bronchiectasis remains unclear. Evidence suggests that persistent bacterial infection can skew adaptive immunity from Th1 toward Th2 response, while the airway microbiome-IL-17 axis is also a critical regulator of chronic inflammation. T regulatory (Treg) cells have been shown to play a protective role against excessive chronic inflammation by modulating the function of several types of effector cells, including the Th17 subset. However, the capacity of this subset to delay or prevent disease progression remains to be determined Microbial dysbiosis, with loss of diversity and increased quantity of bacterial pathogens, may also be important for disease progression, and emerging evidence indicates that distinct inflammatory endotypes associate with specific microbiota alterations, especially in severe disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the immune cells and cytokine signaling that are involved in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis. Additionally, we present the main endotypes of bronchiectasis and explore the relationships between the type of inflammation and alterations in microbiota, as well as the potential benefits of targeting specific pathophysiological mechanisms for the management of bronchiectasis. This review also examines how bacterial infection can shift adaptive immunity from Th1 toward Th2 responses, the role of the airway microbiome-IL-17 axis in chronic inflammation and the potential protective role of Treg cells against excessive inflammation. Novel therapeutic strategies are highlighted, with focus on targeting specific cytokine signaling pathways and restoring Th17\/Treg balance These developments underscore a shift toward precision medicine in bronchiectasis, emphasizing the importance of identifying specific inflammatory endotypes to tailor treatment strategies effectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1598257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:10:15Z","timestamp":1750032615000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The role of T-helper and T regulatory cells in driving neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation in bronchiectasis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Fouka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Lind\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apostolos","family":"Bossios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2202819","article-title":"Bronchiectasis - A clinical review","volume":"387","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.7.3.213","article-title":"A study of the pathology and pathogenesis of bronchiectasis","volume":"7","author":"Whitwell","year":"1952","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01033-2015","article-title":"Changes in the incidence, prevalence and mortality of bronchiectasis in the UK from 2004 to 2013: a population-based cohort study","volume":"47","author":"Quint","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.07.014","article-title":"Characteristics and health-care utilization history of patients with bronchiectasis in US medicare enrollees with prescription drug plans, 2006 to 2014","volume":"154","author":"Henkle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-206956","article-title":"Reclaiming the name \u2018bronchiectasis\u2019","volume":"70","author":"Chalmers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202309-1614OC","article-title":"The association between bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: data from the european bronchiectasis registry (EMBARC)","volume":"210","author":"Polverino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.01.027","article-title":"Bronchiectasis and asthma: data from the european bronchiectasis registry (EMBARC)","volume":"153","author":"Polverino","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12185782","article-title":"Etiology of bronchiectasis in the world: data from the published national and international registries","volume":"12","author":"G\u00f3mez-Olivas","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01899-2015","article-title":"Clinical phenotypes in adult patients with bronchiectasis","volume":"47","author":"Aliberti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201711-2202OC","article-title":"Characterization of the \u201cFrequent exacerbator phenotype\u201d in bronchiectasis","volume":"197","author":"Chalmers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000569","article-title":"Bronchiectasis phenotypes","volume":"25","author":"Chang-Macchiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"B12","first-page":"6","article-title":"Inflammation: a two-edged sword\u2013the model of bronchiectasis","volume":"147","author":"Cole","year":"1986","journal-title":"Eur J Respir Dis Suppl"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31767-7","article-title":"Advances in bronchiectasis: endotyping, genetics, microbiome, and disease heterogeneity","volume":"392","author":"Flume","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0085-2024","article-title":"Exacerbations of bronchiectasis","volume":"33","author":"De Angelis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10030326","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in common respiratory pathogens of chronic bronchiectasis patients: A literature review","volume":"10","author":"Inchingolo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02557-2017","article-title":"The impact of acute air pollution fluctuations on bronchiectasis pulmonary exacerbation: a case-crossover analysis","volume":"52","author":"Goeminne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00296-2022","article-title":"Multimorbidity in bronchiectasis: a systematic scoping review","volume":"9","author":"Marsland","year":"2023","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32537","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000032537","article-title":"Mortality and comorbidities in patients with bronchiectasis over a 3-year follow-up","volume":"101","author":"Mateus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S6133","article-title":"The pathophysiology of bronchiectasis","volume":"4","author":"King","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30504-X","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps, disease severity, and antibiotic response in bronchiectasis: an international, observational, multicohort study","volume":"9","author":"Keir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research","article-title":"Understanding the role of neutrophils in chronic inflammatory airway disease","volume":"8","author":"Jasper","year":"2019","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00769-2020","article-title":"Sputum neutrophil elastase associates with microbiota and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bronchiectasis","volume":"56","author":"Oriano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200703-489OC","article-title":"Prevalence and impact of bronchiectasis in alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency","volume":"176","author":"Parr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202108-1889OC","article-title":"Characterization of eosinophilic bronchiectasis: A european multicohort study","volume":"205","author":"Shoemark","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.08.005","article-title":"The role of non-invasive modalities for assessing inflammation in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis","volume":"99","author":"Tsikrika","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202303-0499OC","article-title":"Inflammatory molecular endotypes in bronchiectasis: A european multicenter cohort study","volume":"208","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12003","article-title":"Immune mechanisms and the impact of the disrupted lung microbiome in chronic bacterial lung infection and bronchiectasis","volume":"171","author":"Boyton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.53.8.685","article-title":"Increases in CD4+ T lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and interleukin 8 positive cells in the airways of patients with bronchiectasis","volume":"53","author":"Gaga","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01873-2016","article-title":"Bacteria-driven peribronchial lymphoid neogenesis in bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis","volume":"49","author":"Frija-Masson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.44.8.668","article-title":"The immunological component of the cellular inflammatory infiltrate in bronchiectasis","volume":"44","author":"Silva","year":"1989","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000325","article-title":"Bronchiectasis and other chronic lung diseases in adolescents living with HIV","volume":"30","author":"Attia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.5152\/dir.2018.18038","article-title":"Thoracic manifestations of adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma on chest CT: difference between clinical subtypes","volume":"25","author":"Yogi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115996","article-title":"Protease-antiprotease imbalance in bronchiectasis","volume":"22","author":"Oriano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201605-1027OC","article-title":"Neutrophil elastase activity is associated with exacerbations and lung function decline in bronchiectasis","volume":"195","author":"Chalmers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293053","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/293053","article-title":"The role of serine proteases and antiproteases in the cystic fibrosis lung","volume":"2015","author":"Twigg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03157-2020","article-title":"Neutrophil dysfunction in bronchiectasis: an emerging role for immunometabolism","volume":"58","author":"Giam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.4.9906120","article-title":"An investigation into causative factors in patients with bronchiectasis","volume":"162","author":"Pasteur","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03091.x","article-title":"Assessing immune function in adult bronchiectasis","volume":"144","author":"King","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.008037","article-title":"Neutrophil apoptosis, proinflammatory mediators and cell counts in bronchiectasis","volume":"59","author":"Watt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201712-2423OC","article-title":"Blood neutrophils are reprogrammed in bronchiectasis","volume":"198","author":"Bedi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2019.OA4947","article-title":"A point-of-care neutrophil elastase activity assay identifies bronchiectasis severity, airway infection and risk of exacerbation","volume":"53","author":"Shoemark","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-212895","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides, disease severity and exacerbations in bronchiectasis","volume":"74","author":"Sibila","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087254","article-title":"Eosinophilic airway diseases: from pathophysiological mechanisms to clinical practice","volume":"24","author":"Mormile","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-04-640623","article-title":"Mechanism of enhanced eosinophil survival in inflammation","volume":"125","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2022.10.001","article-title":"Bronchiectasis in severe asthma is associated with eosinophilic airway inflammation and activation","volume":"2","author":"Fr\u00f8ssing","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2020.0026","article-title":"Blood eosinophil counts in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A biomarker of inhaled corticosteroid effects","volume":"83","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul)"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2023.101063","article-title":"Peripheral cellular biomarkers in bronchiectasis","volume":"84","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respir Med Res"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.04.029","article-title":"The U-shaped relationship between eosinophil count and bronchiectasis severity: the effect of inhaled corticosteroids","volume":"164","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-212895","article-title":"Distinct \u201cImmunoallertypes\u201d of disease and high frequencies of sensitization in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis","volume":"199","author":"Mac Aog\u00e1in","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01471-y","article-title":"T cells in health and disease","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-0435-8","article-title":"Recent insights of T cell receptor-mediated signaling pathways for T cell activation and development","volume":"52","author":"Hwang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3567","article-title":"Human memory T cells: generation, compartmentalization and homeostasis","volume":"14","author":"Farber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a030338","article-title":"T helper cell differentiation, heterogeneity, and plasticity","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni794","article-title":"T-bet is a STAT1-induced regulator of IL-12R expression in na\u00efve CD4+ T cells","volume":"3","author":"Afkarian","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201310-335OC","article-title":"A novel microbiota stratification system predicts future exacerbations in bronchiectasis","volume":"11","author":"Rogers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2017.08.012","article-title":"Mechanisms of humoral immune response against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infection in cystic fibrosis","volume":"17","author":"Mauch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201206-1150OC","article-title":"A Th17- and Th2-skewed cytokine profile in cystic fibrosis lungs represents a potential risk factor for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection","volume":"187","author":"Tiringer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0048-2019","article-title":"The microbiome in bronchiectasis","volume":"28","author":"Richardson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-025-03140-w","article-title":"Pulmonary microbiology and microbiota in adults with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2022.09.004","article-title":"Pathophysiology of chronic bronchial infection in bronchiectasis","volume":"59","author":"Solarat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6802637","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6802637","article-title":"The role of the immune response in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis","volume":"2018","author":"King","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200206-627OC","article-title":"Inflammatory response in airway epithelial cells isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"166","author":"Aldallal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01289-7","article-title":"Integrative microbiomics in bronchiectasis exacerbations","volume":"27","author":"Mac Aog\u00e1in","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-208775","article-title":"FUT2 genotype influences lung function, exacerbation frequency and airway microbiota in non-CF bronchiectasis","volume":"72","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202108-1943OC","article-title":"Endotyping chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, and the \u201cChronic obstructive pulmonary disease-bronchiectasis association","volume":"206","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wsbm.v1:3","article-title":"Role of neutrophils in innate immunity: a systems biology-level approach","volume":"1","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2007.06.002","article-title":"Neutrophil granules: a library of innate immunity proteins","volume":"28","author":"Borregaard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-0435-8","article-title":"The role of neutrophils in the immune system: an overview","volume":"1124","author":"Malech","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0241-2021","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in chronic lung disease: implications for pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"31","author":"Keir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11081065","article-title":"Neutrophil elastase and chronic lung disease","volume":"11","author":"Voynow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01050-2024","article-title":"Targeting neutrophil serine proteases in bronchiectasis","volume":"65","author":"Chalmers","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-020-08804-7","article-title":"A review of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in disease: potential anti-NETs therapeutics","volume":"61","author":"Mutua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.2015.20.issue-7","article-title":"Sputum matrix metalloproteinase-8 and -9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in bronchiectasis: clinical correlates and prognostic implications","volume":"20","author":"Guan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201812-2351OC","article-title":"Pregnancy zone protein is associated with airway infection, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and disease severity in bronchiectasis","volume":"200","author":"Finch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2040707","DOI":"10.1080\/20018525.2022.2040707","article-title":"Eosinophilic airway diseases: basic science, clinical manifestations and future challenges","volume":"9","author":"Janson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Clin Respir J"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3341","article-title":"Eosinophils: changing perspectives in health and disease","volume":"13","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2021.04.025","article-title":"Eosinophils in health and disease: A state-of-the-art review","volume":"96","author":"Wechsler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9070772","article-title":"T2-high endotype and response to biological treatments in patients with bronchiectasis","volume":"9","author":"Oriano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12101399","article-title":"Peripheral neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in bronchiectasis: A marker of disease severity","volume":"12","author":"Martinez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168431","article-title":"Phenotypic clustering in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients: the role of eosinophils in disease severity","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2022.09.006","article-title":"Roles of Staphylococcus aureus and sensitization to staphylococcal enterotoxin in bronchiectasis","volume":"23","author":"Morimoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0463.2000.d01-64.x","article-title":"The immune response to chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients is predominantly of the Th2 type","volume":"108","author":"Moser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Apmis"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.12703\/r\/10-30","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding the Th1\/Th2 effector choice","volume":"10","author":"Butcher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fac Rev"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.669474","article-title":"Differentiation and regulation of T(H) cells: A balancing act for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Basu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-103019-085803","article-title":"In vivo CD4(+) T cell differentiation and function: revisiting the th1\/th2 paradigm","volume":"38","author":"Ruterbusch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.118","article-title":"T(H)2 cell development and function","volume":"18","author":"Walker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1659","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta \u2018reprograms\u2019 the differentiation of T helper 2 cells and promotes an interleukin 9-producing subset","volume":"9","author":"Veldhoen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI40202","article-title":"Th22 cells represent a distinct human T cell subset involved in epidermal immunity and remodeling","volume":"119","author":"Eyerich","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.10.004","article-title":"T follicular helper cell differentiation, function, and roles in disease","volume":"41","author":"Crotty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.09.018","article-title":"Adapting to the world: The determination and plasticity of T follicular helper cells","volume":"150","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.07.035","article-title":"The orphan nuclear receptor RORgammat directs the differentiation program of proinflammatory IL-17+ T helper cells","volume":"126","author":"Ivanov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2016.00064","article-title":"Interleukin-26 production in human primary bronchial epithelial cells in response to viral stimulation: modulation by th17 cytokines","volume":"23","author":"Che","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00746-9","article-title":"IL-17 and IL-17-producing cells in protection versus pathology","volume":"23","author":"Mills","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651503","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/651503","article-title":"Th17 cells in autoimmune and infectious diseases","volume":"2014","author":"Zambrano-Zaragoza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Inflam"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.585819","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells: challenges and opportunities","volume":"11","author":"Bayati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxad048","article-title":"Development and function of FOXP3+ regulators of immune responses","volume":"213","author":"Golzari-Sorkheh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-16-0193","article-title":"Regulatory T cells: differentiation and function","volume":"4","author":"Plitas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2010.11.008","article-title":"FOXP3 and ROR\u03b3t: transcriptional regulation of Treg and Th17","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-018-0004-4","article-title":"When worlds collide: Th17 and Treg cells in cancer and autoimmunity","volume":"15","author":"Knochelmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.750542","article-title":"Regulatory T cells: regulation of identity and function","volume":"12","author":"Grover","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-020-01234-1","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in tumor microenvironment: new mechanisms, potential therapeutic strategies and future prospects","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119325","article-title":"Recruitment and expansion of tregs cells in the tumor environment-how to target them","volume":"13","author":"Cinier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06878","article-title":"TGF-beta-induced Foxp3 inhibits T(H)17 cell differentiation by antagonizing RORgammat function","volume":"453","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040391","article-title":"IL-6: regulator of Treg\/Th17 balance","volume":"40","author":"Kimura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00284-16","article-title":"Interleukin-17 pathophysiology and therapeutic intervention in cystic fibrosis lung infection and inflammation","volume":"84","author":"Hsu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00717-16","article-title":"Interleukin-17 is required for control of chronic lung infection caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"84","author":"Bayes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0120912","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120912","article-title":"High peripheral blood th17 percent associated with poor lung function in cystic fibrosis","volume":"10","author":"Mulcahy","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201407-1381OC","article-title":"Regulatory T-cell impairment in cystic fibrosis patients with chronic pseudomonas infection","volume":"191","author":"Hector","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e104236","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104236","article-title":"Children with chronic suppurative lung disease have a reduced capacity to synthesize interferon-gamma in vitro in response to non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae","volume":"9","author":"Pizzutto","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-018-0811-2","article-title":"Anti-bacterial antibody and T cell responses in bronchiectasis are differentially associated with lung colonization and disease","volume":"19","author":"Jaat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0119325","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119325","article-title":"Adult non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is characterised by airway luminal Th17 pathway activation","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.917034","article-title":"Clinical features of patients with bronchiectasis with comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China","volume":"25","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.05.001","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, but not mono or dual-combination CFTR modulator therapy affects circulating regulatory T cells in an adult population with cystic fibrosis","volume":"20","author":"Westh\u00f6lter","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-014-9619-0","article-title":"Low-dose clarithromycin therapy modulates Th17 response in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients","volume":"192","author":"Fouka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-012615-044344","article-title":"Bronchiectasis: current concepts in pathogenesis, immunology, and microbiology","volume":"11","author":"Boyton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000001131","article-title":"The bronchiectasis microbiome: current understanding and treatment implications","volume":"31","author":"Narayana","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2021.11.002","article-title":"Microbiology and the microbiome in bronchiectasis","volume":"43","author":"Mac Aog\u00e1in","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2024.2355155","article-title":"Targeting respiratory microbiomes in COPD and bronchiectasis","volume":"18","author":"Mac Aog\u00e1in","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2021.11.004","article-title":"Bronchiectasis in severe asthma and asthmatic components in bronchiectasis","volume":"60","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730891","article-title":"Pathophysiology of bronchiectasis","volume":"42","author":"Keir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0015-2023","article-title":"Basic, translational and clinical aspects of bronchiectasis in adults","volume":"32","author":"Chalmers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00002314","article-title":"Interleukin-17 cytokine signalling in patients with asthma","volume":"44","author":"Lind\u00e9n","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.05.011","article-title":"Inflammatory mechanisms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"138","author":"Barnes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-210134","article-title":"Delayed neutrophil apoptosis enhances NET formation in cystic fibrosis","volume":"73","author":"Gray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10030183","article-title":"Progression of cystic fibrosis lung disease from childhood to adulthood: neutrophils, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, and NET degradation","volume":"10","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2023.03.004","article-title":"Endotypes in bronchiectasis: moving towards precision medicine. A narrative review","volume":"29","author":"Martins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pulmonology"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-021-01575-7","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical implications of bronchiectasis in patients with overlapping asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis: a single-center prospective study","volume":"21","author":"Sheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2021.1904979","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with and without bronchiectasis","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1445769","article-title":"Inflammatory profile of eosinophils in asthma-COPD overlap and eosinophilic COPD: a multi-omics study","volume":"15","author":"Sunata","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202306-551OC","article-title":"Bronchiectasis with chronic rhinosinusitis is associated with eosinophilic airway inflammation and is distinct from asthma","volume":"21","author":"Shteinberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13164932","article-title":"Eosinophilic bronchiectasis: prevalence, severity, and associated features-A cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Campisi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2416836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2023.11.006","article-title":"Reliability of blood eosinophil count in steady-state bronchiectasis","volume":"31","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pulmonology"},{"key":"B133","article-title":"Proteomic markers of eosinophilic inflammation and disease severity in bronchiectasis. A62 CYSTIC FIBROSIS AND NON-CF BRONCHIECTASIS: MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS","author":"Pollock","year":"2022"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201102-0236OC","article-title":"The Th17 pathway in cystic fibrosis lung disease","volume":"184","author":"Tan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-022-08928-y","article-title":"The airway microbiome-IL-17 axis: a critical regulator of chronic inflammatory disease","volume":"64","author":"Mannion","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.113","article-title":"Dendritic cells and Th17\/Treg ratio play critical roles in pathogenic process of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"108","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.2016.46.issue-4","article-title":"Lung-gut cross-talk: evidence, mechanisms and implications for the mucosal inflammatory diseases","volume":"46","author":"Tulic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2021.11.008","article-title":"Diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia","volume":"43","author":"Goutaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00008812","article-title":"Serious bronchopulmonary involvement due to chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","volume":"22","author":"Carmier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-019-00738-w","article-title":"Pulmonary disease burden in primary immune deficiency disorders: data from USIDNET registry","volume":"40","author":"Patrawala","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-019-00738-w","article-title":"HIV related bronchiectasis","volume":"50","author":"Holmes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thorax.V"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-021-01051-1","article-title":"STAT3 hyper-igE syndrome-an update and unanswered questions","volume":"41","author":"Tsilifis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00629-2017","article-title":"European Respiratory Society guidelines for the management of adult bronchiectasis","volume":"50","author":"Polverino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01269-2018","article-title":"Treatable traits in bronchiectasis","volume":"52","author":"Boaventura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00148-2015","article-title":"A randomised, placebo-controlled study of the CXCR2 antagonist AZD5069 in bronchiectasis","volume":"46","author":"De Soyza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-023-02444-z","article-title":"Dipeptidyl peptidase-1 inhibition with brensocatib reduces the activity of all major neutrophil serine proteases in patients with bronchiectasis: results from the WILLOW trial","volume":"24","author":"Cipolla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202408-1545OC","article-title":"Broad immunomodulatory effects of the dipeptidyl-peptidase-1 inhibitor brensocatib in bronchiectasis: data from the phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled WILLOW trial","volume":"46","author":"Johnson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00505-2024","article-title":"Brensocatib in patients with bronchiectasis: subgroup analyses from the WILLOW trial","volume":"11","author":"Chalmers","year":"2025","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2411664","article-title":"Phase 3 trial of the DPP-1 inhibitor brensocatib in bronchiectasis","volume":"392","author":"Chalmers","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01551-2024","article-title":"Cathepsin C (dipeptidyl peptidase 1) inhibition in adults with bronchiectasis: AIRLEAF, a phase II randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study","volume":"65","author":"Chalmers","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(25)00019-0","article-title":"Effects of the DPP-1 inhibitor HSK31858 in adults with bronchiectasis in China (SAVE-BE): a phase 2, multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"392","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(24)00176-0","article-title":"Rethinking bronchiectasis as an inflammatory disease","volume":"12","author":"Long","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2024-221825","article-title":"Use of inhaled corticosteroids in bronchiectasis: data from the European Bronchiectasis Registry (EMBARC)","volume":"13","author":"Pollock","year":"2025","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01333-2019","article-title":"Anti-IL5 and anti-IL5R\u03b1 therapy for clinically significant bronchiectasis with eosinophilic endotype: a case series","volume":"55","author":"Rademacher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00518-2024","article-title":"Bronchiectasis management in adults: state of the art and future directions","volume":"63","author":"Choi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0068-2019","article-title":"CFTR targeted therapies: recent advances in cystic fibrosis and possibilities in other diseases of the airways","volume":"29","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01835","article-title":"Effects of anti-IL-17 on inflammation, remodeling, and oxidative stress in an experimental model of asthma exacerbated by LPS","volume":"8","author":"Camargo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01269","article-title":"Bronchial vascular remodeling is attenuated by anti-IL-17 in asthmatic responses exacerbated by LPS","volume":"11","author":"Camargo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00017.2020","article-title":"Preventive and therapeutic effect of anti-IL-17 in an experimental model of elastase-induced lung injury in C57Bl6 mice","volume":"320","author":"Fukuzaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.76","article-title":"Th17 responses in chronic allergic airway inflammation abrogate regulatory T-cell-mediated tolerance and contribute to airway remodeling","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01608","article-title":"The future of regulatory T cell therapy: promises and challenges of implementing CAR technology","volume":"11","author":"Mohseni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1598257\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:10:16Z","timestamp":1750032616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1598257\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"references-count":161,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1598257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1598257","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"article-number":"1598257"}}