{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:47:20Z","timestamp":1792799240445,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":241,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Gut microbiota alterations have been considered one of the attributes of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), and may offer an immunological disorder and even cause the disease. The probiotic administration, especially the\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    probiotics, is becoming highly utilized for the maintenance of the intestinal barrier\u2019s integrity and immune function, minimizing further the risks of developing some complications such as lupus nephritis, mechanisms that have remained so incompletely defined. This review focuses on the analysis of literature data about the influence of certain probiotic strains on the pathogenesis and course of SLE as immunomodulators and a new therapy strategy that seeks to achieve a synergistic effect with the help of an additional probiotic in combination with dietary supplements gingerols or vitamin D. The current review, therefore, provided the limitations in current trials addressing SLE and therapy optimization. The work is done with the intention of addressing the existing gaps in knowledge, thereby creating more space for new approaches to emerge toward the SLE management and improvement of patients\u2019 outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1602235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:14:50Z","timestamp":1748996090000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Immune metabolic restoration in systemic lupus erythematosus: the impact of gut microbiota, probiotics, and nutritional synergy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Douae Nihed","family":"Habiballah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanzhu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lai","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.186","article-title":"New insights into the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"12","author":"Tsokos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2990","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39247","article-title":"Release of neutrophil extracellular traps by neutrophils stimulated with antiphospholipid antibodies: A newly identified mechanism of thrombosis in the antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Yalavarthi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102861","article-title":"Autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: from immunopathology to therapeutic target","volume":"132","author":"Lou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key067","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular trap release is associated with antinuclear antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-phospholipid syndrome","volume":"57","author":"van der Linden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatol (Oxford)"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antib9040069","article-title":"IgE in the pathogenesis of SLE: from pathogenic role to therapeutic target","volume":"9","author":"Lamri Y","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibodies (Basel)"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20947-4","article-title":"The model of circulating immune complexes and interleukin-6 improves the prediction of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"8","author":"Thanadetsuntorn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8101180","article-title":"Update on the genetics of systemic lupus erythematosus: genome-wide association studies and beyond","volume":"8","author":"Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21698","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.21698","article-title":"Review of cardiac manifestations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome with focus on endocarditis","volume":"14","author":"Tayem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B9","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Justiz Vaillant","year":"2025"},{"key":"B10","article-title":"Lupus nephritis","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Musa","year":"2025"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/oarrr.S384256","article-title":"Gastrointestinal manifestations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"14","author":"Alharbi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Access Rheumatol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223035","article-title":"Global epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus: A comprehensive systematic analysis and modelling study","volume":"82","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.97261","volume-title":"Clinical use of mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.","author":"Bukulmez H","year":"2021"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2009.12441","article-title":"C G. Clinical experience with mycophenolate mofetil in systemic autoimmune conditions refractory to common immunosuppressive therapies","volume":"139","author":"Bandelier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203316652489","article-title":"Why targeted therapies are necessary for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"25","author":"Durcan L","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2023.101828","article-title":"The role of diet in shaping human gut microbiota","author":"Rinninella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B17","volume-title":"Health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria","year":"2001"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e32834baa4d","article-title":"Probiotics and immune health","volume":"27","author":"Yan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09064710.2019.1606930","article-title":"Clinical aspects and health benefits of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in both traditional Chinese medicine and modern industry","volume":"69","author":"Shahrajabian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Agric Scand B Soil Plant Sci"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/JIM.0b013e31821b8755","article-title":"Vitamin D and the immune system","volume":"59","author":"Aranow","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Invest Med"},{"key":"B21","volume-title":"FAQ: Human Microbiome","year":"2013"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2015.03.004","article-title":"The human gut microbiome, a taxonomic conundrum","volume":"38","author":"Sankar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030886","article-title":"The interplay between the gut microbiome and the immune system in the context of infectious diseases throughout life and the role of nutrition in optimizing treatment strategies","volume":"13","author":"Wiertsema","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1413485","article-title":"Crosstalk between gut microbiota and host immune system and its response to traumatic injury","volume":"15","author":"Ullah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00974-4","article-title":"Microbiota in health and diseases","volume":"7","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Targeted Ther"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i29.8787","article-title":"Role of the normal gut microbiota","volume":"21","author":"Jandhyala","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1114424","article-title":"Targeting the gut microbiota and its metabolites for type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i43.16079","article-title":"Gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Festi","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02325","article-title":"The gut-microglia connection: implications for central nervous system diseases","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01743-1","article-title":"Microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"9","author":"Loh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1288256","article-title":"Gut microbes in central nervous system development and related disorders","volume":"14","author":"Gan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.19320","article-title":"The role of gut microbiota in immune homeostasis and autoimmunity","volume":"3","author":"Wu HJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.799788","article-title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: novel insights into mechanisms and promising therapeutic strategies","volume":"12","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031006","article-title":"Changes in gut microbiota according to disease severity in a lupus mouse model","volume":"26","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01548-14","article-title":"Intestinal dysbiosis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"5","author":"Hevia","year":"2014","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.906258","article-title":"Microbial dysbiosis in the gut drives systemic autoimmune diseases","volume":"13","author":"Mousa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.696074","article-title":"Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation exerts a synergistic effect on tacrolimus efficacy by modulating th17\/treg balance in lupus-prone mice via the signr3 pathway","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8030126","article-title":"Alteration of gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease (Ibd): cause or consequence? Ibd treatment targeting the gut microbiome","volume":"8","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.686501","article-title":"Gut microbiome and metabolites in systemic lupus erythematosus: link, mechanisms and intervention","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1233521","article-title":"Sex differences in the gut microbiome drive hormone-dependent regulation of autoimmunity","volume":"339","author":"Markle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124599","article-title":"Sex, body mass index, and dietary fiber intake influence the human gut microbiome","volume":"10","author":"Dominianni","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.190009","article-title":"Sex differences in gut microbiota","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2016.1203502","article-title":"Sex differences and hormonal effects on gut microbiota composition in mice","volume":"7","author":"Org","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02676-14","article-title":"Dynamics of gut microbiota in autoimmune lupus","volume":"80","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/reum\/163091","article-title":"The dynamic relationship of gut microbiota with sex hormones in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"61","author":"Katrib","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rheumatologia"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02288-17","article-title":"Gut microbiota in human systemic lupus erythematosus and a mouse model of lupus","volume":"84","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32076","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-83835-0","article-title":"Associations of gut microbiota with disease development, disease activity, and therapeutic effects in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"14","author":"Nishio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24072","article-title":"Th17 responses and natural igm antibodies are related to gut microbiota composition in systemic lupus erythematosus patients","volume":"6","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173421","article-title":"Bacteroides fragilis alleviates the symptoms of lupus nephritis via regulating cd1d and cd86 expressions in B cells","volume":"884","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0300-8","article-title":"Control of lupus nephritis by changes of gut microbiota","volume":"5","author":"Mu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1640","article-title":"Probiotics as a complementary treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Mirfeizi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25116022","article-title":"Effects of probiotics on gut microbiota: an overview","volume":"25","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B53","article-title":"Mamp and prr interaction at the centre of probiotic\/host interaction","author":"Jan","year":""},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2859-11-161","article-title":"Lipoteichoic acid is an important microbe-associated molecular pattern of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg","volume":"11","author":"Claes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microb Cell Fact"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3338","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38950-3","article-title":"A probiotic bi-functional peptidoglycan hydrolase sheds nod2 ligands to regulate gut homeostasis in female mice","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1115621109","article-title":"Bifidobacterial surface-exopolysaccharide facilitates commensal-host interaction through immune modulation and pathogen protection","volume":"109","author":"Fanning","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.015","article-title":"Pathogen recognition and innate immunity","volume":"124","author":"Akira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life14050559","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids and human health: from metabolic pathways to current therapeutic implications","volume":"14","author":"Facchin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.616713","article-title":"Modulatory effects of probiotics during pathogenic infections with emphasis on immune regulation","volume":"12","author":"Raheem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxh186","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in innate immunity","volume":"17","author":"Takeda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.55","article-title":"C-type lectin receptors in the control of T helper cell differentiation","volume":"16","author":"Geijtenbeek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00309","article-title":"C-type lectin receptors in host defense against bacterial pathogens","volume":"10","author":"Mnich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2200395","article-title":"Rig-I-like receptor regulation of immune cell function and therapeutic implications","volume":"209","author":"Solstad","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.658354","article-title":"Impact of bacterial metabolites on gut barrier function and host immunity: A focus on bacterial metabolism and its relevance for intestinal inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Gasaly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pcmedi\/pbz008","article-title":"Gut microbiota metabolite regulation of host defenses at mucosal surfaces: implication in precision medicine","volume":"2","author":"Bilotta AJ","year":"2019","journal-title":"Precis Clin Med"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c170014","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acid transporters: role in colonic homeostasis","volume":"8","author":"Sivaprakasam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-020-1289-4","article-title":"Surface components and metabolites of probiotics for regulation of intestinal epithelial barrier","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb Cell Fact"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-024-01102-8","article-title":"Impact of probiotics-derived extracellular vesicles on livestock gut barrier function","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2023.100671","article-title":"Protein-coupled receptors: A target for microbial metabolites and a mechanistic link to microbiome-immune-brain interactions","volume":"32","author":"Aleti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20130753","article-title":"Paneth cell extrusion and release of antimicrobial products is directly controlled by immune cell\u2013derived ifn-\u0393","volume":"211","author":"Farin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44321-024-00023-3","article-title":"Sle serum induces altered goblet cell differentiation and leakiness in human intestinal organoids","volume":"16","author":"Hensel","year":"2024","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.10.014","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide causes an increase in intestinal tight junction permeability in vitro and in vivo by inducing enterocyte membrane expression and localization of tlr-4 and cd14","volume":"182","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-017-9322-6","article-title":"Probiotics and the gut immune system: indirect regulation","volume":"10","author":"La Fata","year":"2018","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02054","article-title":"Mucins in intestinal mucosal defense and inflammation: learning from clinical and experimental studies","volume":"11","author":"Grondin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.2024.39.S1.2097","article-title":"Intestinal barrier protection by probiotic lactobacillus-associated indoles in caco-2 and enteroids","volume":"39","author":"Ajitha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2012.00542.x","article-title":"Probiotic metabolites as epigenetic targets in the prevention of colon cancer","volume":"71","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00070-23","article-title":"Akkermansia muciniphila and lactobacillus plantarum ameliorate systemic lupus erythematosus by possibly regulating immune response and remodeling gut microbiota","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14142975","article-title":"Citation: tight junction protein expression-inducing probiotics alleviate tnbs-induced cognitive impairment with colitis in mice","volume":"14","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.24018\/ejbio.2022.3.1.321","article-title":"New pathophysiology insight of gut microbiota\u2019s influence on systemic lupus erythematosus: A brief review","volume":"3","author":"Agustini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Biol Biotechnol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11030653","article-title":"Involvement of gut microbiota in sle and lupus nephritis","volume":"11","author":"Mohd","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2006.08.015","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of short chain fatty acids in ifn-gamma-stimulated raw 264.7 murine macrophage cells: involvement of nf-kappab and erk signaling pathways","volume":"7","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":". Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214856","article-title":"Lupus nephritis is linked to disease-activity associated expansions and immunity to a gut commensal","volume":"78","author":"Azzouz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d0fo00578a","article-title":"Lactobacillus fermentum cect5716 prevents renal damage in the nzbwf1 mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"11","author":"de la Visitaci\u00f3n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201901080R","article-title":"Gut Microbial Metabolite Butyrate Protects against Proteinuric Kidney Disease through Epigenetic- and Gpr109a-Mediated Mechanisms","volume":"33","author":"Felizardo","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.604283","article-title":"Sodium butyrate ameliorates gut microbiota dysbiosis in lupus-like mice","volume":"7","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2019.08.007","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus and dysbiosis in the microbiome: cause or effect or both","volume":"61","author":"Silverman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aax2220","article-title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis and altered tryptophan catabolism contribute to autoimmunity in lupus-susceptible mice","volume":"12","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.946248","article-title":"Gut microbiota, leaky gut, and autoimmune diseases","volume":"13","author":"Christovich A","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/683489","article-title":"and systemic lupus erythematosus based on epitope mimicry","volume":"2008","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102867","article-title":"Gut microbiota in systemic lupus erythematosus: A fuse and a solution","volume":"132","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12010184","article-title":"Probiotics mechanism of action on immune cells and beneficial effects on human health","volume":"12","author":"Mazziotta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302286","article-title":"Probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus inhibits the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"192","author":"Vong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.190875","article-title":"Role of neutrophil extracellular traps regarding patients at risk of increased disease activity and cardiovascular comorbidity in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"47","author":"Moore","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12273","article-title":"Lactobacillus brevis G-101 ameliorates colitis in mice by inhibiting nf-\u03bab, mapk and akt pathways and by polarizing M1 macrophages to M2-like macrophages","volume":"115","author":"Jang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14362","article-title":"Lactobacillus acidophilus suppresses intestinal inflammation by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2014.04.021","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum clp-0611 ameliorates colitis in mice by polarizing M1 to M2-like macrophages","volume":"21","author":"Jang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-019-09612-y","article-title":"Macrophage polarization induced by probiotic bacteria: A concise review","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Probiot Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.12.018","article-title":"The short chain fatty acid butyrate imprints an antimicrobial program in macrophages","volume":"50","author":"Schulthess","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.12.007","article-title":"Activation of gpr109a, receptor for niacin and the commensal metabolite butyrate, suppresses colonic inflammation and carcinogenesis","volume":"40","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000430251","article-title":"Macrophage polarization modulates development of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3981","article-title":"Tolerogenic probiotics lactobacillus delbrueckii and lactobacillus rhamnosus promote anti-inflammatory profile of macrophages-derived monocytes of newly diagnosed patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"42","author":"Javanmardi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Funct"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.109214","article-title":"Butyrate induces stat3\/hif-1\u03b1\/il-22 signaling via gpcr and hdac3 inhibition to activate autophagy in head kidney macrophages from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)","volume":"143","author":"Jinjin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.579674","article-title":"Sodium butyrate alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses by down-regulation of NF-\u03baB, NLRP3 signaling pathway, and activating histone acetylation in bovine macrophages","volume":"7","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmic.2023.100081","article-title":"Regulation of host immune responses by lactobacillus through aryl hydrocarbon receptors","volume":"16","author":"Zhipeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med Microecol"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102622","article-title":"Targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by gut phenolic metabolites: A strategy towards gut inflammation","volume":"61","author":"Catarina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1209613","article-title":"Modulation of immunity by tryptophan microbial metabolites","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nut"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27203","article-title":"Generation of tolerogenic dendritic cells using lactobacillus rhamnosus and lactobacillus delbrueckii as tolerogenic probiotics","volume":"119","author":"Esmaeili","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22038\/ijbms.2021.58438.12982","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of tolerogenic probiotics on migratory potential of lupus patient-derived dcs","volume":"24","author":"Esmaeili","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iran J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1886844","article-title":"Modulation of the pi3k\/akt\/mtor signaling pathway by probiotics as a fruitful target for orchestrating the immune response","volume":"13","author":"Mohseni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000313","article-title":"A key role of dendritic cells in probiotic functionality","volume":"2","author":"Unutmaz","year":"2007","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5045248","article-title":"Dendritic cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: from pathogenic players to therapeutic tools","volume":"2016","author":"Klarquist","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mediators Inflammation"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1615\/ForumImmunDisTher.2016017095","article-title":"Activation of natural killer cells by probiotics","volume":"7","author":"Aziz N","year":"2016","journal-title":"For Immunopathol Dis Therap"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.883747","article-title":"Lactobacillus: friend or foe for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16148","article-title":"The effect of short-chain fatty acids on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells","volume":"5","author":"Nastasi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1305590","article-title":"TH1-related transcription factors and cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.975553","article-title":"Editorial: th2-associated immunity in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-022-09296-7","article-title":"Th17 and th1 cells in systemic lupus erythematosus with focus on lupus nephritis","volume":"70","author":"Fakhfakh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151724","article-title":"B cell IFN-\u03b3 receptor signaling promotes autoimmune germinal centers via cell-intrinsic induction of BCL-6","volume":"213","author":"Jackson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.607735","article-title":"Probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg promotes mouse gut microbiota diversity and T cell differentiation","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26819","article-title":"In vivo study: th1\u2013th17 reduction in pristane-induced systemic lupus erythematosus mice after treatment with tolerogenic lactobacillus probiotics","volume":"234","author":"Mardani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00348","article-title":"Transcriptional regulators of T helper 17 cell differentiation in health and autoimmune diseases","volume":"11","author":"Capone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203312457718","article-title":"The potential role of th17 cells and th17-related cytokines in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":". Lupus"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.12.027","article-title":"Th1\/th2\/th17\/treg cytokine imbalance in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients: correlation with disease activity","volume":"72","author":"Talaat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114517002112","article-title":"Effects of oral lactobacillus administration on antioxidant activities and cd4+Cd25+Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)+ T cells in nzb\/W F1 mice","volume":"118","author":"Tzang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08916934.2020.1777282","article-title":"Feeding lactobacilli impacts lupus progression in (Nzbxnzw)F1 lupus-prone mice by enhancing immunoregulation","volume":"53","author":"Manirarora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.05.010","article-title":"T helper 2 (TH2) cell differentiation, type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) development and regulation of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 production","volume":"75","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600646","article-title":"Transcription factors directing th2 differentiation: gata-3 plays a dominant role","volume":"196","author":"O\u2019Garra A","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-024-02043-3","article-title":"Probiotic DNA regulates intestinal th2 polarization by inducing epithelial cells to produce pd-L1","volume":"30","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.578386","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of probiotics in gut inflammation: A door to the bod","volume":"12","author":"Cristofori","year":"2021","journal-title":"y. Front Immunol"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-72005-0_12","article-title":"Reduced number and function of CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ Regulatory T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"601","author":"Lyssuk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.4.2579","article-title":"Deficient cd4+Cd25high T regulatory cell function in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"178","author":"Valencia","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2009.05.012","article-title":"Conserved anti-proliferative effect and poor inhibition of tnfalpha secretion by regulatory cd4+Cd25+ T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"132","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25748","article-title":"Tolerogenic probiotics: potential immunoregulators in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"232","author":"Esmaeili","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27663","article-title":"Amelioration of regulatory T cells by lactobacillus delbrueckii and lactobacillus rhamnosus in pristane-induced lupus mice model","volume":"234","author":"Khorasani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02178","article-title":"Genomic characterization of lactobacillus delbrueckii tua4408l and evaluation of the antiviral activities of its extracellular polysaccharides in porcine intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"9","author":"Kanmani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119427","article-title":"Impact of probiotics on the prevention and treatment of diseases via modulation of the pi3k\/akt pathway","volume":"24","author":"Garc\u00eda-Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009774","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation by lactobacillus reuteri tryptophan metabolism alleviates escherichia coli-induced mastitis in mice","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01661-18","article-title":"Gut symbionts lactobacillus reuteri R2lc and 2010 encode a polyketide synthase cluster that activates the mammalian aryl hydrocarbon receptor","volume":"85","author":"\u00d6z\u00e7am","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.33","article-title":"The baff\/april system in sle pathogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Vincent","year":"2014","journal-title":". Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-012-0258-2","article-title":"The rationale for baff inhibition in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"14","author":"Davidson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2013.04.003","article-title":"The baff\/april system: emerging functions beyond B cell biology and autoimmunity","volume":"24","author":"Vincent","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2016.57","article-title":"An lgg-derived protein promotes iga production through upregulation of april expression in intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B143","article-title":"Gut mucosal immunostimulation by lactic acid bacteria","volume":"24","author":"Viti\u00f1i","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biocell"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01891","article-title":"Regulation of iga production by intestinal dendritic cells and related cells","volume":"10","author":"Tezuka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3349","article-title":"Cytokine disturbances in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"13","author":"Jacob N","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46497\/ArchRheumatol.2023.9941","article-title":"The effects of lactobacillus delbrueckii and lactobacillus rhamnosus on cytokines and their related molecules: an ex vivo study on patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"38","author":"Alaei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Rheumatol"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4fo03966a","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus LC-STH-13 ameliorates the progression of SLE in MRL\/lpr mice by inhibiting the TLR9\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"16","author":"Liao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02672-0","article-title":"Nf-\u03bab inducing kinase is a therapeutic target for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"9","author":"Brightbill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.04.056","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids activate gpr41 and gpr43 on intestinal epithelial cells to promote inflammatory responses in mice","volume":"145","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.10.006","article-title":"Hdac expression and activity is upregulated in diseased lupus-prone mice","volume":"29","author":"Regna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23937\/2469-5726\/1510060","article-title":"Modulation of histone deacetylases (Hdacs) expression in patients with and without systemic lupus erythematosus: possible drug targets for treatment","volume":"4","author":"Kenneth","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Rheum Dis Treat"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2011.00055","article-title":"HDAC inhibition in lupus models","volume":"17","author":"Reilly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1395786","article-title":"Lactate and lactylation in macrophage metabolic reprogramming: current progress and outstanding issues","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.04.003","article-title":"Long-term histone lactylation connects metabolic and epigenetic rewiring in innate immune memory","author":"Athanasios","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/mr-2024-0091","article-title":"Histone lactylation as a driver of metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med Rev"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-01191-9","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acid metabolites propionate and butyrate are unique epigenetic regulatory elements linking diet, metabolism and gene expression","volume":"7","author":"Nshanian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1340903","article-title":"The influence of probiotic lactobacillus casei in combination with prebiotic inulin on the antioxidant capacity of human plasma","volume":"2016","author":"Kleniewska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2023-eular.2519","article-title":"Ab0611 a randomised open-label pilot study of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)","volume":"82","author":"Mohamed Said","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3419","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11213419","article-title":"Changes in gut microbiota and systemic inflammation after synbiotic supplementation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Widhani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114517001039","article-title":"Lactobacillus paracasei gmnl-32, lactobacillus reuteri gmnl-89 and L. Reuteri gmnl-263 ameliorate hepatic injuries in lupus-prone mice","volume":"117","author":"Hsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckad160.001","article-title":"Transitioning to more sustainable food systems that support health and wellbeing","volume":"33","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.138385","article-title":"Antineutrophil properties of natural gingerols in models of lupus","volume":"6","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-022-02372-7","article-title":"Revisiting the therapeutic potential of gingerols against different pharmacological activities","volume":"396","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/fst.17420","article-title":"Promoting effects of 6-gingerol on probiotic adhesion to colonic epithelial cells","volume":"41","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cienc Tecnol Aliment"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2023.105783","article-title":"6-gingerol, an active ingredient of ginger, reshapes gut microbiota and serum metabolites in hfd-induced obese mice","volume":"109","author":"Yasmin","year":"2023","journal-title":". J Funct Foods"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-024-10297-1","article-title":"The therapeutic effects of probiotic on systemic lupus erythematosus in lupus mice models: A systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Goh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.902551","article-title":"Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential of gingerols and their nanoformulations","volume":"13","author":"Y\u00fccel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176399","article-title":"Ginger-derived bioactive compounds attenuate the toll-like receptor mediated responses of human dendritic cells","volume":"967","author":"Kitti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4137\/IMI.S40035","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in Egyptian systemic lupus erythematosus patients: how prevalent and does it impact disease activity","volume":"11","author":"Abaza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Integr Med Insights"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.37275\/IJR.V411.84","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in systemic lupus erythematosus patients","volume":"5","author":"Pangestu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indones J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken121","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence, predictors and clinical consequences","volume":"47","author":"Ruiz-Irastorza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatol (Oxford)"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103378","article-title":"The association between vitamin D and gut microbiota: A systematic review of human studies","volume":"13","author":"Bellerba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7340","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64226-7","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor promotes healthy microbial metabolites and microbiome","volume":"10","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03141","article-title":"Relationships between vitamin D, gut microbiome, and systemic autoimmunity","volume":"10","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11131\/2018\/101377","article-title":"Regulation of microbiota by vitamin D receptor: A nuclear weapon in metabolic diseases","volume":"5","author":"Bakke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucl Receptor Res"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00697","article-title":"Vitamin D in autoimmunity: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"7","author":"Dankers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.950465","article-title":"Immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D in various immune-related disorders: A comprehensive review","volume":"14","author":"Ghaseminejad-Raeini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.12489","article-title":"Vitamin D and systemic lupus erythematosus: continued evolution","volume":"18","author":"Yap","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46497\/ArchRheumatol.2021.8178","article-title":"Association of vitamin D deficiency and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: two-year follow-up study","volume":"36","author":"Arshad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Rheumatol"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-8411(89)90012-7","article-title":"1,25 dihydroxyvitamin-D3 regulation of immunoglobulin production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"2","author":"Penny","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.759095","article-title":"The microbiota in systemic lupus erythematosus: an update on the potential function of probiotics","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.53","article-title":"1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits the cytokine-induced secretion of mcp-1 and reduces monocyte recruitment by human preadipocytes","volume":"37","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"B183","article-title":"Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on il-17\/il-23 axis, ifn-\u0393 and il-4 expression in systemic lupus erythematosus induced mice model","volume":"19","author":"Faraji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00467.x","article-title":"Regulation of tnf-\u03b1 by 1\u03b1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human macrophages from capd patients","volume":"59","author":"Merav Lahav","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838216","article-title":"1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes il-10 production in human B cells","volume":"38","author":"Heine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2017.09.006","article-title":"1,25(Oh)(2)D(3) induces regulatory T cell differentiation by influencing the vdr\/plc-\u03931\/tgf-\u03b21\/pathway","volume":"91","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00105.2015","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor pathway is required for probiotic protection in colitis","volume":"309","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.747856","article-title":"Probiotics and vitamin D\/vitamin D receptor pathway interaction: potential therapeutic implications in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Pagnini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.047","article-title":"Post-antibiotic gut mucosal microbiome reconstitution is impaired by probiotics and improved by autologous fmt","volume":"174","author":"Suez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.041","article-title":"Personalized gut mucosal colonization resistance to empiric probiotics is associated with unique host and microbiome features","volume":"174","author":"Zmora","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00375","article-title":"Probiotic lactobacilli precautions","volume":"10","author":"Castro-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03614.x","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus administration causes sepsis in a cardiosurgical patient\u2014Is the time right to revise probiotic safety guidelines","volume":"17","author":"Kochan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ085","article-title":"Risk and safety of probiotics","author":"Doron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10111287","article-title":"Mobile antimicrobial resistance genes in probiotics","volume":"10","author":"T\u00f3th","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0626-9","article-title":"Genomic and epidemiological evidence of bacterial transmission from probiotic capsule to blood in ICU patients","volume":"25","author":"Yelin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-021-00920-0","article-title":"Probiotics impact the antibiotic resistance gene reservoir along the human gi tract in a person-specific and antibiotic-dependent manner","volume":"6","author":"Montassier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109571","article-title":"A critical review of antibiotic resistance in probiotic bacteria","volume":"136","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2013.00202","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in probiotic bacteria","volume":"4","author":"Gueimonde","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02840","article-title":"Implications of probiotics on the maternal-neonatal interface: gut microbiota, immunomodulation, and autoimmunity","volume":"9","author":"Swartwout","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02724-8","article-title":"Probiotic consumption influences universal adaptive mutations in indigenous human and mouse gut microbiota","volume":"4","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283x12459294","article-title":"Effects of probiotics on gut microbiota: mechanisms of intestinal immunomodulation and neuromodulation","volume":"6","author":"Hemarajata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.22778","article-title":"Suppression of stat3 nh(2) -terminal domain chemosensitizes medulloblastoma cells by activation of protein inhibitor of activated stat3 via de-repression by microrna-21","volume":"57","author":"Ray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Carcinog"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0061-2","article-title":"You are what you eat: diet, health and the gut microbiota","volume":"16","author":"Zmora","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1600266","article-title":"The human intestinal microbiome in health and disease","volume":"375","author":"Lynch","year":"2016","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad3369","article-title":"Population-based metagenomics analysis reveals markers for gut microbiome composition and diversity","volume":"352","author":"Zhernakova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2021.261","article-title":"Infectious complications of probiotic use: A matched case-control study","volume":"43","author":"Tom","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025","article-title":"BAFF and APRIL immunotherapy following Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin vaccination enhances protection against pulmonary tuberculosis in mice","volume":"16","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.08.30.610555","article-title":"Limosilactobacillus reuteri promotes the expression and secretion of enteroendocrine- and enterocyte-derived hormones","author":"Rienzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312678","DOI":"10.1101\/312678","article-title":"Effect of lactobacillus reuteri on intestinal microflora and immune parameters: involvement of sex differences","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2190304","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus gg ameliorates osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats by regulating the th17\/treg balance and gut microbiota structure","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci86062","article-title":"Sex steroid deficiency-associated bone loss is microbiota dependent and prevented by probiotics","volume":"126","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.Can-11-0025","article-title":"Modulating microtubule stability enhances the cytotoxic response of cancer cells to paclitaxel","volume":"71","author":"Ahmed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13193135","article-title":"The effect of food matrix taken with probiotics on the survival of commercial probiotics in simulation of gastrointestinal digestion","volume":"13","author":"Treven","year":"2024","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2021.04.006","article-title":"Pereira dos santos richards NS. In vitro test to evaluate survival in the gastrointestinal tract of commercial probiotics","volume":"4","author":"Naissinger da Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Res Food Sci"},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13152185","article-title":"Biomaterials and encapsulation techniques for probiotics: current status and future prospects in biomedical applications","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nanomaterials (Basel)"},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsfoodscitech.4c00776","article-title":"Micro- and nanoencapsulation of probiotics: exploring their impact on animal-origin foods","volume":"4","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-\u00c1lzate","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Food Sci"},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01054-09","article-title":"Survival of lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the human gastrointestinal tract with daily consumption of a low-fat probiotic spread","volume":"75","author":"Dommels","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1487641","article-title":"A comprehensive review of probiotics and human health-current prospective and applications","volume":"15","author":"Sarita","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7223","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27217223","article-title":"Effect of ginger on inflammatory diseases","volume":"27","author":"Ballester","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight","article-title":"Ginger intake suppresses neutrophil extracellular trap formation in autoimmune mice and healthy humans","volume":"8","author":"Ali","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-021-00223-1","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation in systemic lupus erythematosus: relationship to disease activity, fatigue and the interferon signature gene expression","volume":"5","author":"Magro","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Rheumatol"},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbre.2017.08.001","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D supplementation on patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review","volume":"57","author":"Joyce Ramalho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Bras Reumatol"},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reuma.2014.10.001","article-title":"Bone health, vitamin D and lupus","author":"Sang\u00fcesa G\u00f3mez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reumatol Clin"},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1391019","article-title":"Unraveling the interconversion pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of the major ginger constituents: [6]-gingerol, [6]-shogaol, and zingerone after single-dose administration in rats","author":"Songvut","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00014.2015","article-title":"Vitamin D: metabolism, molecular mechanism of action, and pleiotropic effects","volume":"96","author":"Christakos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMR.684.12","article-title":"Development of nanoemulsion formulations of ginger extract","volume":"684","author":"Uthumpa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Mater Res"},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2024.106192","article-title":"Nano-encapsulation of probiotics: need and critical considerations to design new non-dairy probiotic products","volume":"116","author":"Jenny","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-023-02501-2","article-title":"Vitamin D(3)-loaded nanoemulsions as a potential drug delivery system for autistic children: formulation development, safety, and pharmacokinetic studies","volume":"24","author":"Asfour","year":"2023","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.943241","article-title":"Gut microbiota in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and lupus mouse model: A cross species comparative analysis for biomarker discovery","author":"Toumi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13020445","article-title":"The complex role of gut microbiota in systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis: from pathogenetic factor to therapeutic target","volume":"13","author":"Parodi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1202850","article-title":"Gut microbiota: A newly identified environmental factor in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"14","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2022-000776","article-title":"Gut microbiota in sle: from animal models to clinical evidence and pharmacological perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Toumi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1586\/17512433.2015.1059751","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic modeling of therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2023-eular.1312","article-title":"Pos1137 pharmacokinetics and exposure-response relationships of upadacitinib or elsubrutinib alone or in combination (Abbv-599) in systemic lupus erythematous","volume":"82","author":"Bhatnagar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2023.103428","article-title":"What is the best instrument to measure disease activity in SLE? \u2013 SLE-das vs easy bilag","volume":"23","author":"Lu\u00eds Sousa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27267","article-title":"Erythrocyte C3d and C4d for monitoring disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"62","author":"Kao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11070928","article-title":"Clinical and immunological biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70022","article-title":"Biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus: A scoping review","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immun Inflammation Dis"},{"key":"B239","article-title":"Safety, pharmacokinetics, biomarker response and efficacy of E6742: A dual antagonist of toll-like receptors 7 and 8, in a first in patient, randomised, double-blind, phase I\/ii study in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"10","author":"Yoshiya","year":"2024","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40792","article-title":"Monitoring disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus with single-molecule array digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay quantification of serum interferon-\u03b1","volume":"71","author":"Mathian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2007.01.003","article-title":"Monitoring systemic lupus erythematosus in standard clinical care","volume":"21","author":"Michelle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clinic Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1602235\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:14:54Z","timestamp":1748996094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1602235\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"references-count":241,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1602235"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1602235","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"article-number":"1602235"}}