{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:04:50Z","timestamp":1758845090276,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is a rare, aggressive form of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, primarily affecting the small intestine. Due to its extremely low incidence and poor prognosis, studies on EATL are limited. This study aims to analyze the incidence trends, prognostic factors, and survival outcomes of EATL using the SEER database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed the incidence trends of EATL using SEER data from 2000 to 2021 and performed multivariate Cox regression to identify independent prognostic factors. Conditional survival (CS) analysis was performed to evaluate survival outcomes, and a CS-nomogram was developed to predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) and 5-year CS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The age-adjusted incidence rate of EATL was 0.014 per 100,000, showing a significant upward trend (APC 2.63). Multivariate analysis identified age, tumor site, tumor stage, surgery, and chemotherapy as independent OS risk factors. CS analysis showed that the 5-year survival probability progressively increased from 16% to 48%, 67%, 83%, and 93% after surviving 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 years post-diagnosis. The dynamic nomogram showed excellent performance in predicting survival and stratifying patients into risk groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provided valuable insights into the epidemiology, prognosis, and survival outcomes of EATL. The increasing incidence and CS outcomes highlighted the importance of early detection and intervention. The dynamic nomogram model developed here offered a more accurate prediction of individual survival outcomes and can aid in clinical decision-making.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1605542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T04:19:27Z","timestamp":1758773967000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incidence trends and survival analysis of enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lina","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianen","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140\u20137","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-021-00634-4","article-title":"Enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma","volume":"16","author":"Al Somali","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Curr Hematol Malig Rep"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13162629","article-title":"Update on the pathogenesis of enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma","volume":"13","author":"Abdullah","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231\u201340","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-011-0097-7","article-title":"Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma: epidemiology, clinical features, and current treatment strategies","volume":"6","author":"Sieniawski","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Curr Hematol Malig Rep"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590\u2013605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2010.09.008","article-title":"Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma: a review on clinical presentation, diagnosis, therapeutic strategies and perspectives","volume":"34","author":"Chandesris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215\u201322","DOI":"10.1002\/jha2.1049","article-title":"Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma: A population-based cohort study on incidence, treatment, and outcome in the Netherlands","volume":"5","author":"Meeuwes","year":"2024","journal-title":"EJHaem."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377\u201384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2012.12.001","article-title":"Enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma in celiac disease: a large retrospective study","volume":"45","author":"Malamut","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493\u20138","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23992","article-title":"Treatment response in enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma; survival in a large multicenter cohort","volume":"90","author":"Nijeboer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am J Hematol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctarc.2023.100745","article-title":"Patients with enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma in the United States from 2000 to 2018: SEER data-base analysis","volume":"36","author":"Awad","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cancer Treat Res Commun"},{"key":"B9","first-page":"191\u20135","article-title":"A single-center report on clinical features and treatment response in patients with intestinal T cell non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphomas","volume":"16","author":"Novakovic","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Oncol Rep"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412\u20136","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002666","article-title":"The rising incidence and poor outcomes of enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma","volume":"119","author":"Hujoel","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148\u201355","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-02-335216","article-title":"Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma: clinical and histological findings from the international peripheral T-cell lymphoma project","volume":"118","author":"Delabie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701\u20137","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000472","article-title":"Conditional survival of Malignant thymoma using national population-based surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) registry (1973-2011)","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"B13","first-page":"73\u20137","article-title":"When do I know I am cured? 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