{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:31:04Z","timestamp":1787239864897,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tuberculosis is a contagious airborne disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. \u03b3\u03b4 T cells are closely associated with TB infection; however, the specific role of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in the immune response to TB remains unclear, as does the differentiation and mechanism of \u03b3\u03b4 T cell subsets in TB patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed the characteristics of \u03b3\u03b4 T subsets in the peripheral blood (Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells,PBMC) and pleural effusions (Tuberculous pleural effusion,TPE) and pleural effusions of TB patients using single-cell sequencing to explore the distribution and characteristics of different \u03b3\u03b4 T subpopulations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seven \u03b3\u03b4 Tcell subpopulations were identified. The highest percentage of effector \u03b3\u03b42 cell cluster (C1) was found in PBMCs from TPE patients, accounting for 36.1%, while the highest percentage of tissue-resident \u03b3\u03b42 cell cluster (C0) was found in PFMCs, reaching 70.5%. Through in-depth analysis, we identified a group of V\u03b42 cells exhibiting strong effector function and high expression of\n                      <jats:italic>FCGR3A<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Therefore, exploring the mechanism of interaction between V\u03b42 cells and Mtb, as well as understanding host immune regulation during Mtb infection, can not only enhance the understanding of the immune mechanism underlying TB but also provide new theoretical ideas. This research may offer novel therapeutic targets for TB and innovative strategies for treatment and prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1605827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:15:03Z","timestamp":1750205703000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Single-cell analysis of peripheral blood and pleural effusion reveals functional diversity of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in tuberculosis infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinghua","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yayan","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peijun","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhua","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2024","year":"2024"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01653-8","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cells: origin and fate, subsets, diseases and immunotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43657-023-00106-0","article-title":"Immune-ageing evaluation of peripheral T and NK lymphocyte subsets in chinese healthy adults","volume":"3","author":"Jia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phenomics."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-3862","article-title":"High phosphoantigen levels in bisphosphonate-treated human breast tumors promote V\u03b39V\u03b42 T-cell chemotaxis and cytotoxicity","volume":"71","author":"Benza\u00efd","year":"2011","journal-title":"In Vivo. 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