{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:16:07Z","timestamp":1787026567672,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant HA 2542\/11-1, DFG GRK 2046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant HA 2542\/11-1, DFG GRK 2046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Roundworm infections result in morbidity, causing significant health and economic concerns in humans and pigs, respectively. We investigated the humoral responses of\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris suum<\/jats:italic>\n                    infected pigs before and after transition from larval to adult stage and confirmed our previous report on the diagnostic value of human\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    -specific antibodies. We evaluated the systemic and mucosal humoral responses in\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    infected pigs at 14- and 35-days post-infection (dpi).\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    -specific antibodies against larval and adult worm antigens and adult excretory\/secretory (ES) products in serum, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid and intestinal mucus were quantified by ELISA. IgA\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cells in jejunal\/ileal mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) were investigated using flow cytometry. ES products reliably reported parasite-specific IgM, IgA, IgG and IgG1\/2 present in sera at 35 dpi (adult stage) and even at 14 dpi (larval stage). Neither variable worm burdens nor the coinfection with\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    affected the ES-specific antibody profiles. Extracts of the third-stage larvae (L3) were less suited but clearly reported L3-specific secretory IgA in lung and intestine. IgA\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cells expanded in lymph nodes draining jejunum and ileum at day 14 post infection but leveled down to background controls at 35 days after primary infection. A strong correlation between sIgA and eosinophil numbers was seen in the lung, validating previous observations in mice for the definite host. The balanced targeting of L3-somatic antigens and adult ES by sIgA in mucosal sites contrasted with prominent parasite-specific IgA in sera which exclusively reacted to ES products. Collectively, our data indicate extensive antigenic overlap between\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    life stages, facilitating the detection of pre-patent and larval stage infection. We further point out distinct mucosal\/systemic IgA responses in\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection which deserve further functional investigations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1606128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T05:31:34Z","timestamp":1753853494000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Larval ascariasis elicits a prominent IgA and IgG1\/2 antibody response to adult Ascaris excretory\/secretory antigens in pigs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zaneta 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