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These chemokines recruit relevant immune cells, such as macrophages and lymphocytes, and induce lung inflammatory responses. In addition to early-stage inflammation, chemokines are also associated with radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) at a late stage and can augment the risk of post-radiation lung metastasis. Because of the correlation between chemokines and RIPI, chemokines may be useful for RIPI diagnosis and treatment. This review aims to summarize the alterations of the levels of different chemokines after radiation, the regulatory mechanisms, and the advancements of research on the diagnosis and treatment of RIPI by chemokines, in order to provide references for the subsequent RIPI research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1607447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T05:30:35Z","timestamp":1759383035000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Chemokines as key mediators in RIPI: pathophysiology and translational potential"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijia","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wentong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.774807","article-title":"Crossed pathways for radiation-induced and immunotherapy-related lung injury","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6506","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42171-z","article-title":"A human lung alveolus-on-a-chip model of acute radiation-induced lung injury","volume":"14","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1001\/dmp.2011.73","article-title":"Literature review and global consensus on management of acute radiation syndrome affecting nonhematopoietic organ systems","volume":"5","author":"Dainiak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Disaster Med Public Health Prep"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.00070","article-title":"Accelerated partial breast irradiation and intraoperative partial breast irradiation: reducing the burden of effective breast conservation","volume":"38","author":"White","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12576","article-title":"Beyond success: unveiling the hidden potential of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in solid tumors","volume":"44","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Commun"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01102-y","article-title":"Radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy: the dawn of cancer treatment","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12750","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of radiotherapy-induced side effects","volume":"14","author":"Barazzuol","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Oncol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-020-00676-5","article-title":"Precision radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J BioMed Sci"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2012.05.007","article-title":"Late gastrointestinal and urogenital side-effects after radiotherapy \u2013 Incidence and prevalence. 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