{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T03:26:38Z","timestamp":1784949998634,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82030076, 82470229, 82405133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82030076, 82470229, 82405133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>T (8; 21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a special type of acute leukemia, and exhibits a heterogeneous prognosis, with a long-term relapse rate of about 40%. Once t(8; 21) AML patients experience relapse, they have an extremely poor prognosis, with a 5-year overall survival rate of less than 15%. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective strategies to improve the prognosis of relapsed\/refractory (R\/R) t(8; 21) AML. CD19 is a specific B-cell surface marker, but it is aberrantly expressed in 50-80 % of t(8; 21) AML patients. CAR-T cells targeting aberrant cell-surface antigens could induce the depletion of tumor cells without the destruction of hematopoiesis. Therefore, CD19 might be a promising target for CAR-T cell therapy in R\/R t(8; 21) AML with aberrant CD19 expression. The present study is aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of CD19 CAR-T cell therapy in R\/R t(8;21) AML with aberrant CD19 expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the present study, 3 R\/R t(8;21) AML patients with aberrant CD19 expression were enrolled. After lymphodepleting chemotherapy, 3 patients received autologous CAR-T cell infusion at a dose of 1.0 \u00d7 10^6 cells\/kg, 2.0 \u00d7 10^6 cells\/kg, and 2.0 \u00d7 10^6 cells\/kg, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>They all achieved CD19 negativity approximately half a month after CD19 CAR-T cell infusion. These indicate CD19 CAR-T cell therapy is effective in R\/R t(8;21) AML with aberrant CD19 expression. However, patient 1 and patient 2 rapidly relapsed within 3 months after CD19 CAR-T cell therapy. Subsequently, patient 1 received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Fortunately, patient 1 achieved mCR 2 months after allo-HSCT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Considering the short-term remission of CD19 CAR-T cell therapy in R\/R t(8;21) AML, allo-HSCT might be performed as soon as possible to consolidate the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy and reduce the risk of relapse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1617589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T04:10:27Z","timestamp":1753071027000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy in relapsed\/refractory t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia with aberrant CD19 expression"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingqiao","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiading","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziren","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenfa","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huixin","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhui","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yisheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-11-254441","article-title":"Refinement of cytogenetic classification in acute myeloid leukemia: determination of prognostic significance of rare recurring chromosomal abnormalities among 5876 younger adult patients treated in the United Kingdom Medical Research Council trials","volume":"116","author":"Grimwade","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-08-733196","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2017 ELN recommendations from an international expert panel","volume":"129","author":"D\u00f6hner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2016.167","article-title":"Relapse of AML after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: methods of monitoring and preventive strategies. 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