{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T15:19:11Z","timestamp":1793632751925,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sepsis is a syndrome of inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) triggered when the host is exposed to bacterial, viruses, and other infectious agents. The resulting inflammation compromises intestinal integrity, and this gut injury subsequently amplifies systemic inflammation, ultimately leading to multiple organ failure. This review synthesizes recent advances in sepsis-induced intestinal injury, focusing on four key aspects: pathogenesis, molecular mechanisms, crosstalk among relevant signaling pathways, and therapeutic strategies. Our analysis reveals extensive interactions between these signaling pathways, with most being critically dependent on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB). We propose that the nuclear factor-\u03baB signaling pathway serves as a central hub in the mechanistic network of septic gut injury. By delineating the interplay of signaling pathways in intestinal damage during sepsis. This work aims to provide novel therapeutic perspectives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1620965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T04:10:25Z","timestamp":1750997425000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Intestinal injury signaling pathway in sepsis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(19)32989-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990\u20132017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"395","author":"Rudd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06151-x","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of hospital- and ICU-treated sepsis: results from an updated and expanded systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Fleischmann-Struzek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.70045","article-title":"Sepsis in Global Health: Current global strategies to fight against sepsis","volume":"12","author":"Saito","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acute Med Surg"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2021.25.4.375","article-title":"Sepsis induces variation of intestinal barrier function in different phase through nuclear factor kappa B signaling","volume":"25","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Korean J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112741","article-title":"Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg ameliorates lipopolysaccharide induced sepsis via repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier","volume":"148","author":"Zhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000000283","article-title":"Biomarkers of gut barrier failure in the ICU","volume":"22","author":"Piton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31828c26b5","article-title":"Enterocyte damage in critically ill patients is associated with shock condition and 28-day mortality*","volume":"41","author":"Piton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1452190","article-title":"Administration of turmeric kombucha ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis by attenuating inflammation and modulating gut microbiota","volume":"15","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-025-02224-w","article-title":"Inhibition of Farnesoid-x-receptor signaling during abdominal sepsis by dysbiosis exacerbates gut barrier dysfunction","volume":"23","author":"Qian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Communication Signaling"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.106066","article-title":"Astragaloside IV attenuates sepsis-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction via suppressing RhoA\/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling","volume":"78","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.MBP-0008-2014","article-title":"The roles of inflammation, nutrient availability and the commensal microbiota in enteric pathogen infection","volume":"3","author":"Stecher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectrum"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16476\/j.pibb.2024.0250","article-title":"The relationship between intestinal flora and intestinal mucosal immune senescence","volume":"52","author":"Wen-Wen.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prog Biochem Biophysics"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1360\/ssv-2024-0092","article-title":"Sepsis immunosuppression and gut microbiota dysbiosis","volume":"54","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scientia Sin Vitae"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.008","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of the gut microbiome and post-translational modifications elucidates the route involved in microbiota-host interactions","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zoological Res"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7499\/j.issn.1008-8830.2312113","article-title":"Association between the structure of intestinal flora and inflammatory response in children with sepsis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"26","author":"Zhao-Yi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin J Contemp Pediatr"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49034-z","article-title":"Intestinal dysbiosis as an intraoperative predictor of septic complications: evidence from human surgical cohorts and preclinical models of peritoneal sepsis","volume":"13","author":"Spari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j","article-title":"Effects of Toona sinensis bark alcohol extract on mucosal barrier and gut microbiota in mice with ulcerative colitis","volume":"40","author":"Jiangmei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin J Pathophysiol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1006\u20435725.2020.06.006","article-title":"Curcumin alleviates sepsis \u2043 related acute intestinal injury through the TLR \u2043 4\/NF \u2043 \u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"36","author":"Yonghu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pract Med"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03896-1","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps impair intestinal barrier functions in sepsis by regulating TLR9-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Disease"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2549486","article-title":"Protective role of somatostatin in sepsis-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction through inhibiting the activation of NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"2020","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Practice"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2015416118","article-title":"An unconventional role of an ASB family protein in NF-\u03baB activation and inflammatory response during microbial infection and colitis","volume":"118","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-022-00597-z","article-title":"PLK1 protects intestinal barrier function during sepsis by targeting mitochondrial dynamics through TANK-NF-\u03baB signalling","volume":"28","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2020.19341","article-title":"Esmolol inhibits inflammation and apoptosis in the intestinal tissue via the overexpression of NF-\u03baB-p65 in the early stage sepsis rats","volume":"31","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turkish J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13422\/j.cnki.syfjx.20211994","article-title":"Treatment of sepsis with chinese medicine:A review based on NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"27","author":"Chao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Exp Traditional Med Formulae"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.24-182","article-title":"The protective role of kakkalide in sepsis-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction via inhibition of NF-\u03baB pathway activation","volume":"76","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Biochem Nutr"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112345","article-title":"Potentilla discolor ameliorates LPS-induced inflammatory responses through suppressing NF-\u03baB and AP-1 pathways","volume":"144","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/1629777","article-title":"Ghrelin\/GHSR axis induced M2 macrophage and alleviated intestinal barrier dysfunction in a sepsis rat model by inactivating E2F1\/NF-\u03baB signaling","volume":"2023","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10577","article-title":"Gadolinium chloride pre\u2212treatment reduces the inflammatory response and preserves intestinal barrier function in a rat model of sepsis","volume":"2021","author":"Zhao","year":"1143","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-018-0053-2","article-title":"Protective role of down-regulated microRNA-31 on intestinal barrier dysfunction through inhibition of NF-\u03baB\/HIF-1\u03b1 pathway by binding to HMOX1 in rats with sepsis","volume":"24","author":"Zhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3724\/abbs.2024124","article-title":"miR-155 induces sepsis-associated damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier via sirtuin 1\/nuclear factor-\u03baB-mediated intestinal pyroptosis","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sinica"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8275026","article-title":"miR-199a-5p exacerbated intestinal barrier dysfunction through inhibiting surfactant protein D and activating NF-\u03baB pathway in sepsis","volume":"2020","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediators Inflammation"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202551840","article-title":"Updates on toll-like receptor 10 research","volume":"55","author":"Riva","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16476\/j.pibb.2021.0153","article-title":"The effect of toll-like receptors on T cell function and metabolism","volume":"49","author":"Zi-Ran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog Biochem Biophysics"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-025-05631-x","article-title":"Role of TLRs as signaling cascades to combat infectious diseases: a review","volume":"82","author":"Salauddin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1591011","article-title":"Comprehending toll-like receptors: pivotal element in the pathogenesis of sepsis and its complications","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19614-6","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress induces intestinal paneth cell damage in mice following CLP-induced sepsis","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2020.1787469","article-title":"Sesamin attenuates intestinal injury in sepsis via the HMGB1\/TLR4\/IL-33 signalling pathway","volume":"58","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7501\/j.issn.0253-2670.2023.18.013","article-title":"Chicory acid improves intestinal injury in mice with sepsis by regulating TLR9\/NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"54","author":"Shuang-shuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin Traditional Herbal Drugs"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6706622","article-title":"Electroacupuncture at zusanli alleviates sepsis by regulating the TLR4-myD88-NF-kappa B pathway and diversity of intestinal flora","volume":"2022","author":"Zhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complementary Altern Med"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13422\/j.cnki.syfjx.20231811","article-title":"Traditional chinese medicine intervention in sepsis based on TLR4 signaling pathway: A review","volume":"30","author":"Jing","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin J Exp Traditional Med Formulae"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.13422\/j.cnki.syfjx.20190738","article-title":"Effects of taoren chengqitang on intestinal mucosal barrier and TLR9 signaling pathway in septic rats","volume":"25","author":"Zhi-xia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Exp Traditional Med Formulae"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.13422\/j.cnki.syfjx.20201239","article-title":"Study on mechanism of taoren chengqitang in regulating intestinal myoelectrical activity and microenvironment homeostasis in intestinal sepsis rats based on HMGB1\/TLR4\/NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"26","author":"Li-hui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Exp Traditional Med Formulae"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1006-9852.2020.05.003","article-title":"Advances in RhoA\/ROCK signalling pathway in osteoarthritis","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Pain Med"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-022-02808-7","article-title":"CapG promoted nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell motility involving Rho motility pathway independent of ROCK","volume":"20","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14336\/ad.2024.1539","article-title":"Exploring the role of RhoA\/ROCK signaling in pain: A narrative review","volume":"2024","author":"Yang*","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging disease"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1671-7856.2024.02.003","article-title":"Mechanism of Yantiao Fang regulating the Rho\/ROCK signaling pathway in apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in mice with acute gastrointestinal injury caused by sepsis","volume":"34","author":"Qian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin Journal Of Comparative Med"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103550","article-title":"The regulation of intestinal mucosal barrier by myosin light chain kinase\/rho kinases","volume":"21","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10020256","article-title":"EpCAM (CD326) regulates intestinal epithelial integrity and stem cells via rho-associated kinase","volume":"10","author":"Ouchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11318","article-title":"Role of ROCK\/NF\u2212\u03baB\/AQP8 signaling in ethanol\u2212induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction","volume":"22","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-025-00722-w","article-title":"Rho-GTPases subfamily: cellular defectors orchestrating viral infection","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol Letters"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13422\/j.cnki.syfjx.20241892","article-title":"Treatment of prostate cancer by targeting PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway with traditional Chinese medicine: A review","volume":"30","author":"Shenglong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin J Exp Traditional Med Formulae"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1541714","article-title":"Research on the role and mechanism of the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR signalling pathway in osteoporosis","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5847\/wjem.j.1920-8642.2024.035","article-title":"Xuebijing improves intestinal microcirculation dysfunction in septic rats by regulating the VEGF-A\/PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J Emergency Med"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50800-2","article-title":"PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway mediates the effect of low-dose boron on barrier function, proliferation and apoptosis in rat intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13422\/j.cnki.syfjx.20242124","article-title":"Mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treating steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head via regulating PI3K\/Akt pathway: A review","volume":"31","author":"Yaqi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin J Exp Traditional Med Formulae"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13422\/j.cnki.syfjx.20240611","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medicine treats sepsis by regulating PI3K\/Akt pathway: A review","volume":"31","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Exp Traditional Med Formulae"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-025-01563-2","article-title":"The PI3K\/Akt pathway: a target for curcumin\u2019s therapeutic effects","volume":"24","author":"Aliyari","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101572","article-title":"Baicalin ameliorates APEC-induced intestinal injury in chicks by inhibiting the PI3K\/AKT-mediated NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"101","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.41534","article-title":"Low-dose interleukin-2 alleviates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice by recovering intestinal integrity and inhibiting AKT-dependent pathways","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14020272","article-title":"Effect of the rho-kinase\/ROCK signaling pathway on cytoskeleton components","volume":"14","author":"Guan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0165-0","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome: molecular activation and regulation to therapeutics","volume":"19","author":"Swanson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-023-00727-5","article-title":"NLRP3 activation in macrophages promotes acute intestinal injury in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"20","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J Pediatrics"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/v15051078","article-title":"CVB3 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by suppressing NF-\u03baB pathway and ROS production in LPS-induced macrophages","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19540\/j.cnki.cjcmm.20221018.502","article-title":"Effects of Huangqin Tang on NLRP3\/Caspase-1 pathway in mice model of ulcerative colitis","volume":"48","author":"Meng-ru","year":"2023","journal-title":"China J Chin Materia Medica"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19540\/j.cnki.cjcmm.20201117.402","article-title":"Effect of Huangqin Decoction on pyroptosis pathway of NLRP3\/caspase\u22121 in mice with ulcerative colitis","volume":"46","author":"Na","year":"2021","journal-title":"China J Chin Materia Medica"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110424","article-title":"MiR-874-5p targets VDR\/NLRP3 to reduce intestinal pyroptosis and improve intestinal barrier damage in sepsis","volume":"121","author":"Shang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine mediates inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome through Akt\/mTOR autophagy pathway to reduce intestinal injury in septic rats","volume":"37","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Pathophysiol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175681","article-title":"Bazedoxifene attenuates intestinal injury in sepsis by suppressing the NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 signaling pathways","volume":"947","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1415145","article-title":"Role and mechanisms of autophagy, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis in sepsis-induced acute lung injury","volume":"15","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01623-9","article-title":"Targeting Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling and its interplay with TGF-\u03b2 and Notch signaling pathways for the treatment of chronic wounds","volume":"22","author":"Gumede","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Communication Signaling"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-022-01211-7","article-title":"Arterial stiffness and the canonical WNT\/\u03b2-catenin pathway","volume":"24","author":"Vall\u00e9e","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Hypertension Rep"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.13294\/j.aps.2022.0003","article-title":"Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling in kidney repair and fibrosis after injury","volume":"74","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Physiologica Sinica"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v13.i3.168","article-title":"Intestinal Wnt in the transition from physiology to oncology","volume":"13","author":"Swoboda","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-022-01616-7","article-title":"Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer: pathogenic role and therapeutic target","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.615131","article-title":"Inflammation and Wnt signaling: target for immunomodulatory therapy","volume":"8","author":"Jridi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i26.3750","article-title":"Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate TNBS-induced colitis in rats by influencing intestinal epithelial cell regeneration, Wnt signaling, and T cell immunity","volume":"26","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v29.i16.2380","article-title":"Molecular regulation mechanism of intestinal stem cells in mucosal injury and repair in ulcerative colitis","volume":"29","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21134777","article-title":"NRF2, a transcription factor for stress response and beyond","volume":"21","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.00099-20","article-title":"The molecular mechanisms regulating the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway","volume":"40","author":"Baird","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.724511","article-title":"Emodin protects sepsis associated damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier through the VDR\/Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway","volume":"12","author":"Shang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120111","article-title":"Nrf2\/Keap1\/ARE signaling: Towards specific regulation","volume":"291","author":"Ulasov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/shk.0000000000000856","article-title":"Hydrogen gas protects against intestinal injury in wild type but not NRF2 knockout mice with severe sepsis by regulating HO-1 and HMGB1 release","volume":"48","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7501\/j.issn.1674-6376.2024.07.024","article-title":"Research progress on alleviation of liver injury by active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine based on Nrf 2\/HO-1 signaling pathway","volume":"47","author":"Meimei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Eval Res"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1671-7856.2024.02.003","article-title":"Hydrogen plays a protective role in intestinal injury of mice with severe sepsis by regulating the release of heme oxygenase-1 and high mobility group protein B1","volume":"32","author":"Ling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30125","article-title":"HMGB1 as a therapeutic target in disease","volume":"236","author":"Xue","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25225474","article-title":"An overview of Nrf2 signaling pathway and its role in inflammation","volume":"25","author":"Saha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147770","article-title":"From molecular mechanisms to clinical therapy: understanding sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction","volume":"25","author":"Srdi\u0107","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1421632","article-title":"Enhancing sepsis therapy: the evolving role of enteral nutrition","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1484371","article-title":"Clostridium butyricum, a future star in sepsis treatment","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Infection Microbiol"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.5847\/wjem.j.1920-8642.2025.018","article-title":"Effects of probiotic treatment on the prognosis of patients with sepsis: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J Emergency Med"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/dddt.S360348","article-title":"Anti-hyperglycemic agents in the adjuvant treatment of sepsis: improving intestinal barrier function","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Design Dev Ther"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.952938","article-title":"Traditional Chinese Medicine: A promising strategy to regulate inflammation, intestinal disorders and impaired immune function due to sepsis","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1620965\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T04:10:40Z","timestamp":1750997440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1620965\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"references-count":93,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1620965"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1620965","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"article-number":"1620965"}}