{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T23:04:32Z","timestamp":1773097472481,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To understand the immunogenicity and safety of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in elderly individuals aged 60\u201370 years in Shanghai after revaccination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 330 elderly people aged 60\u201370 years were recruited to study the immunogenicity and safety of PPSV23 revaccination. The group with a history of PPSV23 vaccination and an interval of 5 years or more was selected as the revaccination group (n=220), and the group without any pneumococcal vaccine was selected as the first vaccination group (n=110).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In terms of immunogenicity, the GMCs of all serotypes before and after immunization were 1.15-21.57 \u00b5g\/ml and 1.62-33.19 \u00b5g\/ml, respectively, in the revaccination group, and the GMCs of all serotypes after immunization were higher than those before immunization (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.0001). After immunization, the total GMI of antibodies in the revaccination group was lower than that in the first vaccination group [1.62(1.57, 1.67) vs 3.20(2.82, 3.57), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.0001], and the GMIs of all serotypes in the revaccination group were also lower than those in the first vaccination group [(1.40-1.92) vs (1.82-4.69), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.0001]. In terms of safety, no serious adverse events occurred during the study and all adverse events that occurred were mild or self-limiting. From 0\u201330 days after immunization, 7 patients in the revaccination group and 14 patients in the first vaccination group experienced adverse events, with incidence rates of 3.18% and 12.73%, respectively, which were lower in the revaccination group than in the first vaccination group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.0008).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with those before vaccination, the antibody levels of\u00a0elderly people aged 60\u201370 years in Shanghai who were inoculated with\u00a0PPSV23 for 5 years or more tended to increase but were lower than those in the first vaccination group. The safety of revaccination with PPSV23 was favorable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:uri>http:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn<\/jats:uri>, identifier ChiCTR2100042000; <jats:uri>http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:uri>, identifier NCT04701788.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1623611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T10:52:53Z","timestamp":1752749573000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Immunogenicity and safety study of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine revaccination among elderly individuals aged 60\u201370 years in Shanghai, China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuoying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiufang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Prevention 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