{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T23:54:41Z","timestamp":1783036481636,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib (TOF) plus iguratimod (IGU) in treating progressive fibrosing rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (PF-RA ILD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This historical-controlled study enrolled 28 PF-RA ILD patients (13 received TOF plus IGU; 15 received the biologic\/conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (b\/csDMARDs). Disease activity, pulmonary function (PFTs), high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scores, and safety were assessed longitudinally and between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Baseline characteristics were comparable (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;gt;0.05). The TOF plus IGU group showed significant improvements: C-reactive protein (CRP) decreased (30.5 \u00b1 23.1 to 5.1 \u00b1 3.3 mg\/L,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05), erythrocyte sedimentation rate: 46.2 \u00b1 18.8 to 20.1 \u00b1 18.9 mm\/h,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.012). The disease activity score 28-joint count with CRP declined from high to low activity, and rheumatoid factor titers dropped (79.7 \u00b1 64.2 to 23.4 \u00b1 21.7 IU\/mL at 12 months,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.023). Similarly, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide levels declined from 157 \u00b1 57.5 RU\/mL to 109.8 \u00b1 32.6 RU\/mL at 6 months (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.028). Pulmonary function improved, with forced vital capacity increasing from 79.5 \u00b1 12.9% to 85.3 \u00b1 13.6% at 6 months (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.008). HRCT fibrosis scores decreased from 9.6 \u00b1 2.5 to 5.1 \u00b1 1.6 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.026). Compared to controls, TOF plus IGU demonstrated superior outcomes: lower CRP (8.5 vs 20.2 mg\/L,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002), higher diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide at 3 months (73.1 \u00b1 19.6% vs 61.1 \u00b1 14.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.045), and lower fibrosis scores at 12 months (5.1 vs 7.5,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004). At 12 months, imaging stability\/regression occurred in 92.3% vs 60.0% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.047). All TOF plus IGU patients tapered prednisone. No thromboembolic events or severe infections occurred.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TOF plus IGU demonstrated dual efficacy in controlling synovitis and lung fibrosis, with a favorable safety profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1624125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T05:21:29Z","timestamp":1768540889000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dual targeting of joint and lung disease: efficacy of tofacitinib plus iguratimod combination in progressive fibrosing rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Military Treatment Center, the 970th Hospital of the People\u2019s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force","place":["Yantai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingzi","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Management Department, the Armed Police Yantai Special Service Sanatorium Center","place":["Yantai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanlin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Military Treatment Center, the 970th Hospital of the People\u2019s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force","place":["Yantai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Military Treatment Center, the 970th Hospital of the People\u2019s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force","place":["Yantai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weilin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Military Treatment Center, the 970th Hospital of the People\u2019s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force","place":["Yantai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Military Treatment Center, the 970th Hospital of the People\u2019s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force","place":["Yantai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu165","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung disease: associations, prognostic factors and physiological and radiological characteristics--a large multicentre UK 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