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The present work also highlights the distinct features of these viral-driven cancers, that can be largely prognostic for better patient survival and response to ICB. On the other hand, there are also several commonalities in which these cancers acquire resistance against conventional immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss our perspectives to address the existing conundrums to gain clearer insights on how the interplay between anti-viral and anti-tumor immunity can be exploited to develop novel therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1631258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T05:45:25Z","timestamp":1756446325000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Targeting archetypes of viral-driven cancers with immunotherapy: a perspective on immunogenicity within the tumor microenvironment"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Keene","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seohyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junzhe","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi Yong","family":"Neo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.2311","article-title":"Multiomics prediction of response rates to therapies to inhibit programmed cell death 1 and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa4971","article-title":"Neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"348","author":"Schumacher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.154","article-title":"Targeting neoantigens to augment antitumour immunity","volume":"17","author":"Yarchoan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01270-x","article-title":"Neoantigens: promising targets for cancer therapy","volume":"8","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxw019","article-title":"The role of neoantigens in response to immune checkpoint blockade","volume":"28","author":"Riaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03240-y","article-title":"Neoantigen immunogenicity landscapes and evolution of tumor ecosystems during immunotherapy with nivolumab","volume":"30","author":"Alban","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa1348","article-title":"Cancer immunology. 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