{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:22:21Z","timestamp":1791400941450,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Molecular targeted therapies, including advanced atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment with Janus kinase 1 inhibitors (JAK1i) and anti-interleukin-13 antibodies (IL-13Ab), are emerging as effective options. However, the predictive biomarkers for treatment responses remain unclear. Therefore, this study compared the short-term efficacy of JAK1i and IL-13Ab and explored relevant biomarkers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective analysis was conducted in 75 patients with moderate-to-severe AD treated at Fukuoka University Hospital. Relevant biomarkers, including eosinophil count and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) levels, were measured at baseline and 3 months. Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) and Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (PP-NRS) scores were also assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients received JAK1i (n=37; abrocitinib, n=16; upadacitinib, n=21) or IL-13Ab (n=38; lebrikizumab, n=21; tralokinumab, n=17). At 3 months, no significant difference was observed between JAK1i and IL-13Ab in achieving EASI 75 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.83, p=0.76) or in the incidence of adverse events (OR = 1.40, p=0.55). However, JAK1i was associated with higher odds of achieving PP-NRS 4 (OR=9.36, p=0.0063) and PP-NRS 0\/1 (OR=34.61, p&amp;lt;0.0001). In the JAK1i group, eosinophil count reduction correlated with EASI improvement (univariate: R=0.525, p=0.0009; adjusted: \u03b2 = 0.567, p=0.0004). In the IL-13Ab group, TARC reduction correlated with EASI improvement (univariate: R=0.677, p&amp;lt;0.0001; adjusted: \u03b2 = 0.661, p&amp;lt;0.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>JAK1i showed greater antipruritic effects than IL-13Ab at 3 months, likely due to interleukin (IL)-31 inhibition. Eosinophil count reduction was the most reflective biomarker of JAK1i efficacy, potentially due to IL-5 suppression, whereas TARC improvement was significantly associated with patients\u2019 treatment response to IL-13Ab. These findings highlight the need for further long-term studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1639932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T05:24:51Z","timestamp":1754889891000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparative short-term efficacy of Janus kinase 1 inhibitors and anti-interleukin-13 antibodies in atopic dermatitis: a retrospective cohort analysis based on real-world 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