{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T01:19:21Z","timestamp":1780449561047,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy, but immune-related hypersensitivity reactions remain a clinical concern. Cadonilimab, a novel PD-1\/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody, has demonstrated encouraging antitumor efficacy across various solid tumors; however, hypersensitivity or infusion-related reactions may occasionally occur.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We herein report five cases of cadonilimab-induced allergic or infusion-related reactions in patients with different advanced solid tumors. Clinical manifestations ranged from mild skin rash to severe anaphylaxis with hypotension. All patients were managed promptly with individualized anti-allergic interventions, and some were able to safely continue therapy with modified infusion protocols.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The series emphasizes the importance of early identification and tailored management of hypersensitivity reactions during cadonilimab treatment. Additionally, a comprehensive literature review was conducted summarizing current clinical trials, case reports, and real-world evidence regarding cadonilimab\u2019s efficacy and safety across multiple cancer types.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings highlight both the potential risks and manageable nature of cadonilimab-induced hypersensitivity, supporting its continued clinical application with appropriate monitoring and management strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1643279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T05:23:44Z","timestamp":1754889824000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Case Report: When dual immune checkpoint blockade strikes back: cadonilimab-induced hypersensitivity in solid tumors \u2014 a case series and 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