{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:56:03Z","timestamp":1790787363114,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005047","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>CAR\u2212T cell therapy has been proven effective in various autoimmune diseases, with most studies utilizing lentiviral\u2010transduced CAR\u2212T cells. In recent years, retroviral vector\u2212transduced CAR\u2212T cells\u2014characterized by a high positivity rate, stable cell lines, and lower plasmid requirements\u2014have attracted increasing attention. This article presents a complex case of a patient with SLE combined with APS and TBIRS. For four years following the diagnosis, the patient underwent conventional steroid therapy and immunotherapy, which yielded unsatisfactory and relapse\u2212prone results. After receiving anti\u2212CD19 CAR\u2212T cells transduced with a retroviral vector, the patient experienced an excellent postoperative recovery without any infusion\u2212related adverse reactions. Post\u2212treatment, the patient\u2019s creatinine, anti-dsDNA antibodies, albumin, and glycated hemoglobin levels returned to normal, eliminating the need for ongoing glucocorticoids or hypoglycemic agents. Although there are some available reports of CAR-T cells treating SLE, it is still very rare and significant for successfully treating such a complicated case, especially after proving the unavailability of traditional therapy. Furthermore, this is the first reported case of treating TBIRS syndrome with retroviral vector\u2212transduced CAR\u2212T therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1645304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T05:28:28Z","timestamp":1755754108000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Case Report: Remission of a patient with complex combination of autoimmune diseases by anti-CD19 CAR-T cell 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