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Beyond its metabolic function, extensive studies have established PKM2 as a critical non-metabolic signaling regulator implicated in multiple oncogenic processes, including tumor proliferation, invasion, migration, immune evasion, and resistance to chemotherapy. The elucidation of PKM2-mediated oncogenic pathways has spurred the development of targeted therapeutic strategies, positioning PKM2 as a promising target in cancer therapy. However, comprehensive reviews addressing the relationship between PKM2 and tumorigenesis remain limited. 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