{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:20:48Z","timestamp":1791566448444,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Anti-melanoma differentiation-related gene 5 (MDA5) antibody-positive dermatomyositis (anti-MDA5\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    DM) is recognized as a distinct subtype of dermatomyositis, characterized by its frequent association with interstitial lung disease (ILD), particularly rapidly progressive ILD (RP-ILD), which is associated with a poor prognosis and high mortality. MDA5 functions as a cytoplasmic sensor for viral double-stranded RNA. The expression level of anti-MDA5 antibodies is positively correlated with disease severity. Notably, anti-MDA5 antibodies have been detected in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. While the mechanisms underlying the generation of anti-MDA5 antibodies and their pathogenic role remain incompletely understood, accumulating data support the hypothesis that viral infections may trigger the production of these antibodies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the interplay between anti-MDA5 antibodies and viral infections in patients with anti-MDA5\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    dermatomyositis (DM), with a focus on the potential mechanisms by which viral infections induce autoantibody formation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1649489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T06:53:05Z","timestamp":1767768785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["When viral infections meet the anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shuzi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yabin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huabin","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2019.10.005","article-title":"239th 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