{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:33:30Z","timestamp":1792042410810,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Pasteurella multocida<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>) is the pathogen responsible for swine pasteurellosis, which can impede their growth and even cause death, leading huge economic losses to the global pig industry. <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic> can be divided into 5 serotypes, and existing vaccines have low cross-immunity protection. Therefore, developing a vaccine that can provide effective cross-protection is essential for preventing swine pasteurellosis and reducing the abuse of antibiotics. In this study, six dominant antigenic proteins of <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic> (PlpE, OmpA, OmpH, VacJ, Omp87 and Cp39) were selected. Through bioinformatics methods, 20 B-cell epitopes, 7 CTL epitopes and 11 Th-cell epitopes were predicted. The multi-epitope antigen PME was constructed by connecting these epitopes with linkers, and then the recombinant protein His-PME and the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-PME could effectively stimulate immunized mice to produce antibodies, IL-4 and IFN-\u03b3. The protection rates of His-PME group and pcDNA3.1-PME group were 62.5% and 75% against <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic> serotype A, and 87.5% and 100% against <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic> serotype D, respectively. Furthermore, the pathological lung damages in the His-PME group and the pcDNA3.1-PME group were significantly alleviated, and the bacterial loads in lung tissues were significantly decreased. These results indicated that the subunit vaccine His-PME and the DNA vaccine pcDNA3.1-PME can effectively resist the infection of <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic> and have good immunogenicity and cross-protection. Therefore, the multi-epitope vaccine PME can be regarded as a candidate vaccine for the prevention of <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1652907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T05:31:30Z","timestamp":1756704690000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of a multi-epitope vaccine PME for Pasteurella multocida in mouse 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