{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T20:37:58Z","timestamp":1793738278451,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) drives immune dysregulation through its hallmark stressors\u2014intermittent hypoxia (IH) and sleep fragmentation (SF). Beyond impaired sleep, OSA acts as a systemic inflammatory trigger that disrupts immune homeostasis and reshapes both innate and adaptive responses. Recent evidence shows that OSA activates hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1 (HIF-1\u03b1), NF-\u03baB signaling, and the NLRP3 inflammasome, promoting chronic inflammation and immune-cell dysfunction. These alterations mechanistically contribute to OSA-associated cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, cognitive impairment, and tumor progression. Reframing OSA as an immune-modulating disorder highlights the need for diagnostics and therapies guided by immunology rather than airway management alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1654450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T05:37:36Z","timestamp":1761025056000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Advances in immunology of obstructive sleep apnea: mechanistic insights, clinical impact, and therapeutic perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Na","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-2600(19)30198-5","article-title":"Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: a literature-based analysis","volume":"7","author":"Benjafield","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.01.027","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea as a cardiovascular risk factor-beyond CPAP","volume":"37","author":"Bock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.11.052","article-title":"Effect of CPAP therapy on kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease: A pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"159","author":"Rimke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(13)60734-5","article-title":"Adult obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"383","author":"Jordan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.04.029","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress plays critical role in brain damage after chronic intermittent hypoxia in growing rats","volume":"257","author":"Cai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.108.186551","article-title":"Autophagy in load-induced heart disease","volume":"103","author":"Rothermel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.2002.0261","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome\u2013an oxidative stress disorder","volume":"7","author":"Lavie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-0500","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxemia and OSA: implications for comorbidities","volume":"147","author":"Dewan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01496-3","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00023.2008","article-title":"Can O2 dysregulation induce premature aging","volume":"23","author":"Douglas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol (Bethesda Md)"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21537","article-title":"Induction of HIF-1alpha expression by intermittent hypoxia: involvement of NADPH oxidase, Ca2+ signaling, prolyl hydroxylases, and mTOR","volume":"217","author":"Yuan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2014.07.003","article-title":"Oxidative stress in obstructive sleep apnea and intermittent hypoxia\u2013revisited\u2013the bad ugly and good: implications to the heart and brain","volume":"20","author":"Lavie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.06.050","article-title":"Inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction: A vicious circle in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"710","author":"van Horssen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3390\/life11030242","article-title":"Molecular and supramolecular structure of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system: implications for pathology","volume":"11","author":"Nesci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life (Basel Switzerland)"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00760-x","article-title":"Mitochondrial control\u00a0of inflammation","volume":"23","author":"Marchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31826764e3","article-title":"Sleep in hypercapnic critical care patients under noninvasive ventilation: conventional versus dedicated ventilators","volume":"41","author":"C\u00f3rdoba-Izquierdo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.879021","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome pathway: A review of mechanisms and inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases","volume":"14","author":"Blevins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202106-1445OC","article-title":"Inflammasome activation: A keystone of proinflammatory response in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"205","author":"D\u00edaz-Garc\u00eda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2201401","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01401-2022","article-title":"Inflammasome activation mediated by oxidised low-density lipoprotein in patients with sleep apnoea and early subclinical atherosclerosis","volume":"61","author":"D\u00edaz-Garc\u00eda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.628168","article-title":"NLRP3 deficiency protects against intermittent hypoxia-induced neuroinflammation and mitochondrial ROS by promoting the PINK1-parkin pathway of mitophagy in a murine model of sleep apnea","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00097","article-title":"Blocking the lncRNA MALAT1\/miR-224-5p\/NLRP3 axis inhibits the hippocampal inflammatory response in T2DM with OSA","volume":"14","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117362","article-title":"Resveratrol protects against CIH-induced myocardial injury by targeting Nrf2 and blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"245","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-017-2701-1","article-title":"Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in neuroblastoma","volume":"372","author":"P\u00e5hlman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-018-5219-6","article-title":"Differential expression of immune markers in the patients with obstructive sleep apnea\/hypopnea syndrome","volume":"276","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol: Off J Eur Fed Oto-Rhino-Laryngol Societies (EUFOS): Affiliated German Soc Oto-Rhino-Laryngol  Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00052","article-title":"Lactate contribution to the tumor microenvironment: mechanisms, effects on immune cells and therapeutic relevance","volume":"7","author":"Romero-Garcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.09.001","article-title":"The PD-1\/PD-L1-checkpoint restrains T cell immunity in tumor-draining lymph nodes","volume":"38","author":"Dammeijer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20131916","article-title":"PD-L1 is a novel direct target of HIF-1\u03b1, and its blockade under hypoxia enhanced MDSC-mediated T cell activation","volume":"211","author":"Noman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2001047","article-title":"Redistribution of monocyte subsets in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients leads to an imbalanced PD-1\/PD-L1 cross-talk with CD4\/CD8 T cells","volume":"206","author":"Polasky","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore Md: 1950)"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2024.2361825","article-title":"Melatonin mediates intestinal barrier dysfunction and systemic inflammation in moderate-severe OSA patients","volume":"56","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-73-6-1276","article-title":"The durations of human melatonin secretion and sleep respond to changes in daylength (photoperiod)","volume":"73","author":"Wehr","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117191","article-title":"Effect of melatonin on T\/B cell activation and immune regulation in pinealectomy mice","volume":"242","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0190-z","article-title":"Sleep and inflammation: partners in sickness and in health","volume":"19","author":"Irwin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.148","article-title":"Sleep health: reciprocal regulation of sleep and innate immunity","volume":"42","author":"Irwin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol: Off Publ Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-015-1226-7","article-title":"The role inflammatory response genes in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a review","volume":"20","author":"de Lima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Breathing = Schlaf Atmung"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02825-4","article-title":"Role of sleep deprivation in immune-related disease risk and outcomes","volume":"4","author":"Garbarino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-014-9304-x","article-title":"Inflammation in sleep apnea: an update","volume":"16","author":"Unnikrishnan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00010.2018","article-title":"The sleep-immune crosstalk in health and disease","volume":"99","author":"Besedovsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24672","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea decreases central nervous system-derived proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"80","author":"Ju","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1388-2457(02)00389-9","article-title":"Sleep architecture, slow wave activity and sleep spindles in mild sleep disordered breathing","volume":"114","author":"Ondze","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol: Off J Int Fed Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx148","article-title":"Slow wave sleep disruption increases cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-\u03b2 levels","volume":"140","author":"Ju","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain: J Neurol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25408","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea treatment, slow wave activity, and amyloid-\u03b2","volume":"85","author":"Ju","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e82291","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082291","article-title":"Effects of sustained sleep restriction on mitogen-stimulated cytokines, chemokines and T helper 1\/T helper 2 balance in humans","volume":"8","author":"Axelsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2003.08.004","article-title":"Sleep associated regulation of T helper 1\/T helper 2 cytokine balance in humans","volume":"18","author":"Dimitrov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2016.69","article-title":"Aberrant Th2 inflammation drives dysfunction of alveolar macrophages and susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia","volume":"15","author":"Moser","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2006.01.005","article-title":"Adrenergic inhibition of innate anti-viral response: PKA blockade of Type I interferon gene transcription mediates catecholamine support for HIV-1 replication","volume":"20","author":"Collado-Hidalgo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.5.2492","article-title":"Norepinephrine-mediated inhibition of antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte generation involves a beta-adrenergic receptor mechanism and decreased TNF-alpha gene expression","volume":"163","author":"Kalinichenko","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore Md: 1950)"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22199","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22199","article-title":"Importance of laboratory parameters in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and their relationship with cardiovascular diseases","volume":"32","author":"K\u0131vanc","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8176","article-title":"Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with CPAP improves chronic inflammation measured by neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio","volume":"16","author":"Al-Halawani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med: JCSM: Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3481","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-88034-z","article-title":"Preliminary evidence of immune infiltration and neutrophil degranulation in peripheral blood of non-obese OSA patients related to cognitive decline","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1733","article-title":"Monocyte and macrophage heterogeneity","volume":"5","author":"Gordon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2448","article-title":"Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation","volume":"8","author":"Mosser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.42","article-title":"Does niche competition determine the origin of tissue-resident macrophages","volume":"17","author":"Guilliams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8917804","article-title":"Macrophage polarization in chronic inflammatory diseases: killers or builders","volume":"2018","author":"Parisi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2018.01.009","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of macrophages in tissues","volume":"330","author":"Van den Bossche","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-016-9946-4","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia contributes to the lung damage by increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and disbalance in protease\/antiprotease system","volume":"194","author":"Tuleta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4133","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity and polarization in tissue repair and remodelling","volume":"229","author":"Mantovani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2018.0196","article-title":"Low-frequency intermittent hypoxia suppresses subcutaneous adipogenesis and induces macrophage polarization in lean mice","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43648","article-title":"Aorta macrophage inflammatory and epigenetic changes in a murine model of obstructive sleep apnea: Potential role of CD36","volume":"7","author":"Cortese","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114248","article-title":"HIF1\u03b1\/MIF\/CD74 signaling mediated OSA-induced atrial fibrillation by promoting M1 macrophages polarization","volume":"149","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2019.154831","article-title":"Severe depletion of peripheral blood dendritic cell subsets in obstructive sleep apnea patients: A new link with cancer","volume":"125","author":"Galati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-017-1602-6","article-title":"Decrease of perforin positive CD3(+)\u03b3\u03b4-T cells in patients with obstructive sleep disordered breathing","volume":"22","author":"Staats","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Breathing = Schlaf Atmung"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/161579","article-title":"B, and NKT cells in systemic inflammation in obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"2015","author":"Domaga\u0142a-Kulawik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5062","article-title":"Invariant natural killer T cell deficiency and functional impairment in sleep apnea: links to cancer comorbidity","volume":"38","author":"Gaoatswe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2724","article-title":"Alterations in circulating T-cell lymphocyte populations in children with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"36","author":"Tan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00103204","article-title":"Activated CD8+ T-lymphocytes in obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"25","author":"Dyugovskaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1361.076","article-title":"Lymphocyte activation as a possible measure of atherosclerotic risk in patients with sleep apnea","volume":"1051","author":"Dyugovskaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann New York Acad Sci"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1277551","article-title":"PSGL-1: a novel immune checkpoint driving T-cell dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"14","author":"D\u00edaz-Garc\u00eda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.4.537","article-title":"Long-term effect of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on inflammation markers of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Steiropoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3070","article-title":"Serum inflammatory markers in obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Nadeem","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med: JCSM: Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4402170","article-title":"NK cells at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"15","author":"Moretta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198687","article-title":"Innate or adaptive immunity? The example of natural killer cells","volume":"331","author":"Vivier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci (New York NY)"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602456","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02456-2016","article-title":"Monocytes inhibit NK activity via TGF-\u03b2 in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"49","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.02.091","article-title":"Atorvastatin attenuates myocardial remodeling induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia in rats: partly involvement of TLR-4\/MYD88 pathway","volume":"446","author":"Yuan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11134","article-title":"TLR4 mediates inflammation and hepatic fibrosis induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia in rats","volume":"22","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2015.07.006","article-title":"Efficacy of atorvastatin on hippocampal neuronal damage caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia: Involving TLR4 and its downstream signaling pathway","volume":"218","author":"Deng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.01.027","article-title":"Selective inhibition of endothelial NF-\u03baB signaling attenuates chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced atherosclerosis in mice","volume":"270","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-012-0791-2","article-title":"Toll-like receptor activity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"17","author":"Akinnusi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Breathing = Schlaf Atmung"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines5040034","article-title":"TLR4 signaling pathway modulators as potential therapeutics in inflammation and sepsis","volume":"5","author":"Kuzmich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.52","article-title":"The non-canonical NF-\u03baB pathway in immunity and inflammation","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-014-1116-4","article-title":"Co-upregulation of Toll-like receptors 2 and 6 on peripheral blood cells in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Breathing = Schlaf Atmung"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0228958","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228958","article-title":"Aberrant DNA methylation of the toll-like receptors 2 and 6 genes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2538","article-title":"Atherosclerosis: current pathogenesis and therapeutic options","volume":"17","author":"Weber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.053","article-title":"Chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction mediates endothelial injury via the TXNIP\/NLRP3\/IL-1\u03b2 signaling pathway","volume":"165","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol Med"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2015.10.002","article-title":"Sleep disturbances compared to traditional risk factors for diabetes development: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Anothaisintawee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20040794","article-title":"Sleep, autonomic nervous function and atherosclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Kadoya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-010-0233-9","article-title":"Exosomes: immune properties and potential clinical implementations","volume":"33","author":"Chaput","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2010.01.004","article-title":"Increased levels of microparticles originating from endothelial cells, platelets and erythrocytes in subjects with metabolic syndrome: relationship with oxidative stress","volume":"21","author":"Helal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis: NMCD"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12648","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12648","article-title":"Endothelial extracellular vesicles modulate the macrophage phenotype: Potential implications in atherosclerosis","volume":"87","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2016.163","article-title":"Macrophage-derived exosomes induce inflammatory factors in endothelial cells under hypertensive conditions","volume":"40","author":"Osada-Oka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertens Res: Off J Japanese Soc Hypertens"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.03.033","article-title":"Exosomes as drug delivery vehicles for Parkinson\u2019s disease therapy","volume":"207","author":"Haney","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Controlled Release: Off J Controlled Release Society"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1045","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia is a proinflammatory stimulus resulting in IL-6 expression and M1 macrophage polarization","volume":"1","author":"Schaefer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-019-01797-4","article-title":"Monocytic C-C chemokine receptor 5 expression increases in in vitro intermittent hypoxia condition and in severe obstructive sleep apnea patients","volume":"23","author":"Chuang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Breathing = Schlaf Atmung"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.114.303567","article-title":"IL-17 and Th17 cells in atherosclerosis: subtle and contextual roles","volume":"35","author":"Taleb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arteriosc Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2012.761961","article-title":"Is intermittent hypoxia a cause of aging","volume":"10","author":"Di Giulio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Copd"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-020-02029-w","article-title":"TLRs and RAGE are elevated in carotid plaques from patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Olejarz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Breathing = Schlaf Atmung"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-019-0212-8","article-title":"NF-\u03baB-responsive miR-155 induces functional impairment of vascular smooth muscle cells by downregulating soluble guanylyl cyclase","volume":"51","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b06217","article-title":"Melatonin inhibits in vitro smooth muscle cell inflammation and proliferation and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice","volume":"67","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.173","article-title":"Macrophage subsets in atherosclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Chinetti-Gbaguidi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.22","article-title":"Biological plausibility linking sleep apnoea and metabolic dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"Gileles-Hillel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws342","article-title":"Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in adults","volume":"177","author":"Peppard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35405","article-title":"Chronic sleep disruption alters gut microbiota, induces systemic and adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in mice","volume":"6","author":"Poroyko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20616","article-title":"Chronic sleep fragmentation promotes obesity in young adult mice","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obes (Silver Spring Md)"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-2403","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus prevalence and control in sleep-disordered breathing: the European Sleep Apnea Cohort (ESADA) study","volume":"146","author":"Kent","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.94379","article-title":"Correction of intermittent hypoxia reduces inflammation in obese subjects with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"2","author":"Perrini","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113383","article-title":"Exosome and macrophage crosstalk in sleep-disordered breathing-induced metabolic dysfunction","volume":"19","author":"Khalyfa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91523.2008","article-title":"Effects of acute intermittent hypoxia on glucose metabolism in awake healthy volunteers","volume":"106","author":"Louis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (Bethesda Md: 1985)"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00373.2014","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia-induced glucose intolerance is abolished by \u03b1-adrenergic blockade or adrenal medullectomy","volume":"307","author":"Jun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00020-18","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia, a hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea, alters the gut microbiome and metabolome","volume":"3","author":"Tripathi","year":"2018","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db17-0186","article-title":"Chronic intermittent hypoxia impairs insulin sensitivity but improves whole-body glucose tolerance by activating skeletal muscle AMPK","volume":"66","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.04.005","article-title":"Macrophage functions in lean and obese adipose tissue","volume":"72","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metab: Clin Exp"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.01.018","article-title":"Biology and function of adipose tissue macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells","volume":"271","author":"Ivanov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci29881","article-title":"Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization","volume":"117","author":"Lumeng","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0216","article-title":"Adipose tissue exosome-like vesicles mediate activation of macrophage-induced insulin resistance","volume":"58","author":"Deng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2016.09.23","article-title":"Emerging co-morbidities of obstructive sleep apnea: cognition, kidney disease, and cancer","volume":"8","author":"Gildeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.12.004","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: In search of shared pathomechanisms","volume":"86","author":"Polsek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2374","article-title":"Memory and obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Wallace","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01905-2","article-title":"The relationship between inflammation and neurocognitive dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroinflam"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1083242","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in central nervous system pathologies: A mini review","volume":"10","author":"Shafqat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2017.1293766","article-title":"The role of NLRP3-CASP1 in inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation and autophagy dysfunction in manganese-induced, hippocampal-dependent impairment of learning and memory ability","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-020-02198-8","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the Berlin questionnaire and therapeutic effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure in OSAHS patients with glucose metabolic dysfunction","volume":"25","author":"Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Breathing = Schlaf Atmung"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201005-0693OC","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea: brain structural changes and neurocognitive function before and after treatment","volume":"183","author":"Canessa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.03.020","article-title":"Changes in neurocognitive architecture in patients with obstructive sleep apnea treated with continuous positive airway pressure","volume":"7","author":"Rosenzweig","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2016.07.061","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with an increased risk of colorectal neoplasia","volume":"85","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.02.016","article-title":"Increased incidence of colorectal cancer with obstructive sleep apnea: a nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"66","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23079","article-title":"International consensus statement on obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"13","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201201-0130OC","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing and cancer mortality: results from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study","volume":"186","author":"Nieto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.05.029","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and incidence of Malignant tumors: a meta-analysis","volume":"84","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202108-960OC","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Cheong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Society"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8432","article-title":"Severe OSA associated with higher risk of mortality in stage III and IV lung cancer","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med: JCSM: Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.Epi-20-0975","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and incident cancer: A large retrospective multicenter clinical cohort study","volume":"30","author":"Kendzerska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prevent: Publ Am Assoc Cancer Res Cosponsored by Am Soc Prev Oncol"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.05.011","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and nocturnal hypoxemia are associated with an increased risk of lung cancer","volume":"63","author":"Seijo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.06.055","article-title":"Association between nocturnal hypoxemia and cancer incidence in patients investigated for OSA: data from a large multicenter French cohort","volume":"158","author":"Justeau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25230","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.25230","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing in newly diagnosed patients of lung cancer","volume":"14","author":"Bhaisare","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.810907","article-title":"Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram in lung cancer with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1214279","article-title":"Incidence disparities of obstructive sleep apnea-associated lung cancer by gender; Korean National Health Insurance data analysis","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-018-1073-5","article-title":"Sleep apnea and subsequent cancer incidence","volume":"29","author":"Sillah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control: CCC"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0212930","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212930","article-title":"Effect of cyclical intermittent hypoxia on Ad5CMVCre induced solitary lung cancer progression and spontaneous metastases in the KrasG12D+; p53fl\/fl; myristolated p110fl\/fl ROSA-gfp mouse","volume":"14","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-019-2075-6","article-title":"Relationship between occurrence and progression of lung cancer and nocturnal intermittent hypoxia, apnea and daytime sleepiness","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Med Sci"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.02.036","article-title":"Update on persistent excessive daytime sleepiness in OSA","volume":"158","author":"Javaheri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.12.003","article-title":"Phenotypic approaches to obstructive sleep apnoea - New pathways for targeted therapy","volume":"37","author":"Eckert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2015.05.006","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and cancer: Epidemiologic links and theoretical biological constructs","volume":"27","author":"Gozal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00833-2017","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced PD-L1\/PD-1 crosstalk impairs T-cell function in sleep apnoea","volume":"50","author":"Cubillos-Zapata","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.01.44","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia enhances the tumor programmed death ligand 1 expression in a mouse model of sleep apnea","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Trans Med"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1514296","article-title":"Molecular and biochemical aspects of the PD-1 checkpoint pathway","volume":"375","author":"Boussiotis","year":"2016","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00550","article-title":"The PD1:PD-L1\/2 pathway from discovery to clinical implementation","volume":"7","author":"Bardhan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110652","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia inhibits anti-tumor immune response via regulating PD-L1 expression in lung cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages","volume":"122","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-021-02369-1","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles derived from lung cancer cells exposed to intermittent hypoxia upregulate programmed death ligand 1 expression in macrophages","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Breathing = Schlaf Atmung"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01298-2018","article-title":"Soluble PD-L1 is a potential biomarker of cutaneous melanoma aggressiveness and metastasis in obstructive sleep apnoea patients","volume":"53","author":"Cubillos-Zapata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3921","article-title":"STING: infection, inflammation and cancer","volume":"15","author":"Barber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201310-1830OC","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia-induced changes in tumor-associated macrophages and tumor Malignancy in a mouse model of sleep apnea","volume":"189","author":"Almendros","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44693","article-title":"Role of cyclooxygenase-2 on intermittent hypoxia-induced lung tumor Malignancy in a mouse model of sleep apnea","volume":"7","author":"Campillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.06.001","article-title":"Macrophages and metabolism in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"30","author":"Vitale","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.Can-13-3014","article-title":"Fragmented sleep accelerates tumor growth and progression through recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages and TLR4 signaling","volume":"74","author":"Hakim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-021-00413-6","article-title":"Overcoming TGF\u03b2-mediated immune\u00a0evasion in cancer","volume":"22","author":"Tauriello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13510002.2023.2279813","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea promotes the progression of lung cancer by modulating cancer cell invasion and cancer-associated fibroblast activation via TGF\u03b2 signaling","volume":"28","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Report: Commun Free Radical Res"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsw040","article-title":"Altered CD8+ T-cell lymphocyte function and TC1 cell stemness contribute to enhanced Malignant tumor properties in murine models of sleep apnea","volume":"40","author":"Akbarpour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-018-1955-8","article-title":"Anti-tumor effect of endostatin in a sleep-apnea mouse model with tumor","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Trans Oncol Off Publ Fed Spanish Oncol Societies Natl Cancer Institute Mexico"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58906-7","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia exacerbates tumor progression in a mouse model of lung cancer","volume":"10","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-022-00345-5","article-title":"Effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced HIF-1\u03b1\/ATAD2 expression on lung cancer stemness","volume":"27","author":"Hao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol Lett"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.12.004","article-title":"Th17 and regulatory T cell balance in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases","volume":"13","author":"Noack","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093264","article-title":"Cholinergic markers and cytokines in OSA patients","volume":"21","author":"Reale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/815308","article-title":"The treg\/th17 imbalance in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome","volume":"2012","author":"Ye","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.05.046","article-title":"Long-term sleep apnea as a pathogenic factor for cell-mediated autoimmune disease","volume":"65","author":"Abrams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1654450\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T05:37:37Z","timestamp":1761025057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1654450\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"references-count":163,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1654450"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1654450","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"article-number":"1654450"}}