{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T03:06:48Z","timestamp":1788577608095,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The peripheral immune profiles of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) remain poorly characterized. Investigating immune dysregulation in PCNSL may help elucidate the underlying disease mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to define the circulating immune landscape in PCNSL by characterizing the immune cell profiles in 16 patients and 6 healthy participants using mass cytometry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients exhibited significant alterations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, including expansion of CD45RO+ classical monocytes (p=0.017), reduced intermediate subsets (p=0.01), and elevated CD38 expression (p&amp;lt;0.001). The number of terminally differentiated CD8+CD57+ T cells increased (p=0.013), and treatment induced effector T cell (CD8+ T effector\/effector memory cells, p&amp;lt;0.05) expansion, accompanied by co-upregulation of CD38, HLA-DR, and CD107a (p&amp;lt;0.01). Patients &amp;lt; 60 years had higher frequencies of CD8+ na\u00efve T cells (p&amp;lt;0.05), and progressive disease correlated with CD56\n                      <jats:sup>bright<\/jats:sup>\n                      NK cell accumulation (p&amp;lt;0.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>the circulating immune landscape in PCNSL is characterized by skewed monocyte activation, T cell terminal exhaustion, and chemotherapy-induced effector T cell expansion. Our findings link peripheral immune features to the tumor microenvironment biology. Understanding these systemic immune alterations may provide insights into tumor immune evasion and offer a roadmap for reversing PCNSL-associated immunosuppression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1658015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T04:24:40Z","timestamp":1760502280000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mass cytometric analysis of circulating immune landscape in primary central nervous system 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