{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T10:25:44Z","timestamp":1758191144855,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10.55776\/PAT5302524"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10.55776\/PAT5302524"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells (moDC) are fundamentally involved in infectious processes and serve as model cell type for studying immune regulatory functions <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. How DCs behave in viral infections is influenced by various intra- and extracellular factors. Thus, working as physiologically as possible is crucially important for gaining mechanistic insights. We and others previously stressed a critical role of DCs in the course and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Up to date, moDCs are differentiated in presence of FCS-based media, comprising undefined factors that might impact cell differentiation behavior and function. While a few studies addressed working under xeno-free conditions enhancing reproducibility and clinical applicability, differences between FCS and hPL-generated DCs with respect to infection disease processes remain poorly defined. In this study we established an animal component-free protocol to induce primary moDCs, and systematically compared FCS stimulated DCs versus hPL-induced DCs phenotypically and functionally. Our data revealed, that hPL shows high differentiation potential and infection potency of DCs by complement-opsonized HIV-1 (HIV-C). All in all, we established an animal component-free <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> model to generate primary CD11c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD209<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-moDCs by use of hPL, which is a valuable tool to study viral infections and interactions <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and under more defined conditions compared to FCS-generated DCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1661425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T05:37:20Z","timestamp":1758087440000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum matters: human platelet lysate enables physiological modeling of HIV-1 infection in dendritic 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