{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T02:11:42Z","timestamp":1777428702114,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has become a cornerstone of the treatment for hematologic malignancies. However, as a monotherapy, it still faces major challenges such as therapy resistance, disease relapse, and minimal residual disease (MRD) persistence post-remission. Small molecule compounds, such as Bruton\u2019s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, hypomethylating agents, and immunomodulatory drugs, can augment the antitumor efficacy of CAR-T cells through multiple mechanisms, enhancing their persistence and the proliferative capacity. Combination therapy enables a synergistic attack on malignant cells to effectively eliminate MRD, overcome resistance, and improve overall therapeutic outcomes. To date, the combining of CAR-T therapy with small molecule agents has shown promising clinical potential in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the efficacy, safety and synergistic mechanisms of CAR-T therapy combined with Small-molecule reagents, and proposes optimization strategies to enhance clinical efficacy and minimize the adverse effects which may pave the way for future therapeutic development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1663522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T05:42:58Z","timestamp":1760506978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Advances in the combination of CAR-T therapy with small-molecule reagents for hematologic malignancies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Baiyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804980","article-title":"Tisagenlecleucel in adult relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"380","author":"Schuster","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00888","article-title":"The advent of CAR T-cell therapy for lymphoproliferative neoplasms: integrating research into clinical practice","volume":"11","author":"Cerrano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100011","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.124.001070","article-title":"Therapeutic advantage of combinatorial chimeric antigen receptor T cell and chemotherapies","volume":"77","author":"Ward","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00459-7","article-title":"CAR-T cell therapy: current limitations and potential strategies","volume":"11","author":"Sterner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00375-2","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcomes of tisagenlecleucel in patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell lymphomas (JULIET): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study","volume":"22","author":"Schuster","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023020854","article-title":"Two-year follow-up of lisocabtagene maraleucel in relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma in TRANSCEND NHL 001","volume":"143","author":"Abramson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31366-0","article-title":"Lisocabtagene maraleucel for patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphomas (TRANSCEND NHL 001): a multicentre seamless design study","volume":"396","author":"Abramson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c02054","article-title":"Optimization of CAR-T cell-based therapies using small-molecule-based safety switches","volume":"64","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01117-y","article-title":"Dasatinib enhances anti-leukemia efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T cells by inhibiting cell differentiation and exhaustion","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114065","article-title":"Class I HDAC inhibitors enhance antitumor efficacy and persistence of CAR-T cells by activation of the Wnt pathway","volume":"43","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2023.03.005","article-title":"Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors preserve anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell functionality and reprogram tumor micro-environment in B-cell lymphoma","volume":"25","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cgt.2013.35","article-title":"Combining CAR T cells and the Bcl-2 family apoptosis inhibitor ABT-737 for treating B-cell Malignancy","volume":"20","author":"Karlsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20637","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00227-4","article-title":"Upregulation of CD22 by Chidamide promotes CAR T cells functionality","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V128.22.652.652","article-title":"Ruxolitinib prevents cytokine release syndrome after CAR T cell therapy without impairing the anti-tumor effect in a xenograft model","volume":"128","author":"Kenderian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-06-507947","article-title":"Ibrutinib is an irreversible molecular inhibitor of ITK driving a Th1-selective pressure in T lymphocytes","volume":"122","author":"Dubovsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-11-679134","article-title":"Ibrutinib enhances chimeric antigen receptor T-cell engraftment and efficacy in leukemia","volume":"127","author":"Fraietta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000307","article-title":"Antitumor potency of an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, lisocabtagene maraleucel in combination with ibrutinib or acalabrutinib","volume":"43","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33212","article-title":"Ibrutinib for improved chimeric antigen receptor T-cell production for chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients","volume":"148","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024028205","article-title":"Final analysis of the RESONATE-2 study: up to 10 years of follow-up of first-line ibrutinib treatment in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia\/small lymphocytic lymphoma","volume":"135","author":"Burger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-022-05023-2","article-title":"Ibrutinib in mantle cell lymphoma: a real-world retrospective multi-center analysis of 77 patients treated in the Czech Republic","volume":"102","author":"Obr","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.02.012","article-title":"Dasatinib-resistant universal CAR-T cells proliferate in the presence of host immune cells and exhibit antitumor activity","volume":"33","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau5907","article-title":"The tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib acts as a pharmacologic on\/off switch for CAR T cells","volume":"11","author":"Mestermann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01827-6","article-title":"PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling transduction pathway and targeted therapies in cancer","volume":"22","author":"Glaviano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-017-0008-6","article-title":"PI3K orchestration of the in vivo persistence of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells","volume":"32","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-0452","article-title":"Rapamycin pretreatment rescues the bone marrow AML cell elimination capacity of CAR-T cells","volume":"27","author":"Nian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3470","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-172439","article-title":"Duvelisib for cytokine release syndrome prophylaxis during CD19-targeted CAR T cell therapy","volume":"142","author":"Slade","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-1026","article-title":"Modulation of BCL-2 in both T cells and tumor cells to enhance chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy against cancer","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.608167","article-title":"Pre-sensitization of Malignant B cells through venetoclax significantly improves the cytotoxic efficacy of CD19.CAR-T cells","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14071671","article-title":"A review of the current impact of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins and their repression in cancer","volume":"14","author":"Cetraro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019002121","article-title":"Integrated drug profiling and CRISPR screening identify essential pathways for CAR T-cell cytotoxicity","volume":"135","author":"Dufva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2022.11.004","article-title":"The IAP antagonist birinapant enhances chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for glioblastoma by overcoming antigen heterogeneity","volume":"27","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Ther Oncolytics"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S198567","article-title":"Decitabine enhances cytotoxic effect of T cells with an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor in treatment of lymphoma","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.969660","article-title":"Decitabine-primed tandem CD19\/CD22 CAR-T therapy in relapsed\/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients","volume":"13","author":"Qu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2018.119","article-title":"Induced CD20 expression on B-cell Malignant cells heightened the cytotoxic activity of chimeric antigen receptor engineered T cells","volume":"30","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-0344","article-title":"Lenalidomide enhances the function of CS1 chimeric antigen receptor-redirected T cells against multiple myeloma","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2022.01.011","article-title":"Treatment options for patients with heavily pretreated relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"22","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-20","article-title":"Overall survival benefits provided by lenalidomide maintenance after chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in patients with refractory\/relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"10","author":"Ping","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-021-02959-8","article-title":"Lenalidomide enhances the efficacy of anti-BCMA CAR-T treatment in relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"71","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2020-0116","article-title":"Adjuvant ruxolitinib therapy relieves steroid-refractory cytokine-release syndrome without impairing chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell function","volume":"12","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-1739","article-title":"Itacitinib (INCB039110), a JAK1 inhibitor, reduces cytokines associated with cytokine release syndrome induced by CAR T-cell therapy","volume":"26","author":"Huarte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00246-2","article-title":"\u03b3-Secretase inhibitor in combination with BCMA chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy for individuals with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: a phase 1, first-in-human trial","volume":"24","author":"Cowan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-05-577189","article-title":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: optimizing outcome in the context of clinical and biologic heterogeneity","volume":"125","author":"Sehn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02143","article-title":"Impact of TP53 genomic alterations in large B-cell lymphoma treated with CD19-chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy","volume":"40","author":"Shouval","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022018893","article-title":"Five-year follow-up of ZUMA-1 supports the curative potential of axicabtagene ciloleucel in refractory large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"141","author":"Neelapu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.12289\/j.issn.1008-0392.20278","article-title":"Clinical study of ibrutinib combined with CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in relapsed\/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Tongji Univ (Med Sci)"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2023.10.004","article-title":"Clinical safety and efficacy analysis of a zanubrutinib-based bridging regimen in CAR-T cell therapy for relapsed\/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"44","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Hematol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.599493","article-title":"PiggyBac-generated CAR19-T cells plus lenalidomide cause durable complete remission of triple-hit refractory\/relapsed DLBCL: a case report","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-1630","article-title":"The prognostic value of TP53 mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is independent of Del17p13: implications for overall survival and chemorefractoriness","volume":"15","author":"Rossi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm200012283432602","article-title":"Genomic aberrations and survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"343","author":"D\u00f6hner","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-06-651125","article-title":"Long-term remissions after FCR chemoimmunotherapy in previously untreated patients with CLL: updated results of the CLL8 trial","volume":"127","author":"Fischer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0010-1","article-title":"Determinants of response and resistance to CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"24","author":"Fraietta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-01-622936","article-title":"PD-L1 checkpoint blockade prevents immune dysfunction and leukemia development in a mouse model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"126","author":"McClanahan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303ra139","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aac5415","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T cells persist and induce sustained remissions in relapsed refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"7","author":"Porter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019002936","article-title":"Feasibility and efficacy of CD19-targeted CAR T cells with concurrent ibrutinib for CLL after ibrutinib failure","volume":"135","author":"Gauthier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022007317","article-title":"Anti-CD19 CAR T cells in combination with ibrutinib for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"6","author":"Gill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2017.72.8519","article-title":"Durable molecular remissions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor\u2013modified T cells after failure of ibrutinib","volume":"35","author":"Turtle","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021011597","article-title":"PI3K\u03b4\/\u03b3 inhibition promotes human CAR T cell epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming to enhance antitumor cytotoxicity","volume":"139","author":"Funk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-140622","article-title":"Transcend CLL 004: Phase 1 cohort of lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel) in combination with ibrutinib for patients with relapsed\/refractory (R\/R) chronic lymphocytic leukemia\/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL\/SLL)","volume":"136","author":"Wierda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021011895","article-title":"Phase 1 TRANSCEND CLL 004 study of lisocabtagene maraleucel in patients with relapsed\/refractory CLL or SLL","volume":"139","author":"Siddiqi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa0801479","article-title":"Bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone for initial treatment of multiple myeloma","volume":"359","author":"San Miguel","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-023-00797-8","article-title":"Isatuximab, carfilzomib, and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma: updated results from IKEMA, a randomized Phase 3 study","volume":"13","author":"Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.11.014","article-title":"Multiple myeloma: EHA-ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up(\u2020)","volume":"32","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2352-3026(19)30115-2","article-title":"A combination of humanised anti-CD19 and anti-BCMA CAR T cells in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: a single-arm, phase 2 trial","volume":"6","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2024850","article-title":"Idecabtagene vicleucel in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"384","author":"Munshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023010410","article-title":"Combining BCMA-targeting CAR T cells with TCR-engineered T-cell therapy to prevent immune escape of multiple myeloma","volume":"7","author":"Wachsmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-024-00826-w","article-title":"Deciphering the response to BCMA CAR T cell therapy","volume":"5","author":"Hassan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26486","article-title":"Anti-CD19 and anti-BCMA CAR T cell therapy followed by lenalidomide maintenance after autologous stem-cell transplantation for high-risk newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"97","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.21.02370","article-title":"Three-year follow-up of KTE-X19 in patients with relapsed\/refractory mantle cell lymphoma, including high-risk subgroups, in the ZUMA-2 study","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1914347","article-title":"KTE-X19 CAR T-cell therapy in relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma","volume":"382","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666x.2021.1828067","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for pediatric and young adult B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"16","author":"Myers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)01222-8","article-title":"KTE-X19 for relapsed or refractory adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: phase 2 results of the single-arm, open-label, multicentre ZUMA-3 study","volume":"398","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-023-00397-z","article-title":"Decitabine in combination with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide as a lymphodepletion regimen followed by CD19\/CD22 bispecific targeted CAR T-cell therapy significantly improves survival in relapsed\/refractory B-ALL patients","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-148626","article-title":"KTE-X19 in relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma, a \u201creal-life\u201d study from the Descar-T registry and LYSA group","volume":"138","author":"Herbaux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.23.02214","article-title":"Lisocabtagene maraleucel in relapsed\/refractory mantle cell lymphoma: primary analysis of the mantle cell lymphoma cohort from TRANSCEND NHL 001, a phase I multicenter seamless design study","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05021-2","article-title":"IDO1 plays a tumor-promoting role via MDM2-mediated suppression of the p53 pathway in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-00818-9","article-title":"MEK inhibition reprograms CD8(+) T lymphocytes into memory stem cells with potent antitumor effects","volume":"22","author":"Verma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021015106","article-title":"Therapeutic targeting of LCK tyrosine kinase and mTOR signaling in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"140","author":"Laukkanen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1663522\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T05:43:00Z","timestamp":1760506980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1663522\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1663522"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1663522","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"article-number":"1663522"}}