{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T01:31:09Z","timestamp":1793410269225,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32402913, 3217288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32402913, 3217288"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Parasitic worm (helminth) infections pose significant threats to global health and livestock productivity. Although mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomics have revealed that helminths express structurally complex N-glycans, site- and structure-specific characterization of intact glycopeptides remains a major challenge. Here we employed advanced MS-based intact glycoproteomics to explore the N-glycosylation profile of H11 antigen \u2013 an important vaccine antigen derived from the pathogenic parasite\n                    <jats:italic>Haemonchus contortus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We identified seven glycosylated aminopeptidases carrying 19 N-glycosylation sites with 31 distinct N-glycan structures. Notably, 13 N-glycopeptides were significantly enriched by H11-induced protective IgG antibodies. Our results revealed extensive structural heterogeneity and abundant core fucosylation among the identified N-glycopeptides. Additionally, molecular docking analyses demonstrated that these IgG-recognized N-glycopeptides were located on the protein surface or near substrate-access channels, indicating their potential as antigenic epitopes. Overall, this work provides a precise glycoproteomic characterization of a key helminth antigen and offers valuable insights for the rational design of vaccines against\n                    <jats:italic>H. contortus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and other related parasitic species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1669536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T07:35:51Z","timestamp":1767598551000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Site- and structure-specific characterization of glycoproteins of H11: potent vaccine candidates against parasitic worm Haemonchus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisha","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishith","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunqun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1126034","article-title":"Glycan 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