{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T16:46:59Z","timestamp":1793724419388,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy marked by abnormal plasma cell proliferation. Inflammatory indices derived from routine blood tests\u2014such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), red cell distribution width (RDW), RDW-to-platelet ratio (RPR), and hemoglobin-to-RDW ratio (HRR)\u2014have shown prognostic value across cancers. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate their prognostic significance in MM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science identified eligible studies through January 17, 2025. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess heterogeneity, and publication bias was evaluated using Egger\u2019s and Begg\u2019s tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-seven studies including 5,009 MM patients were analyzed. Elevated NLR was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS: HR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.72\u20132.47) and progression-free survival (PFS: HR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.32\u20132.19), as well as advanced disease stage (OR = 2.85, 95% CI: 1.40\u20135.80). High RDW and low LMR were similarly linked to worse outcomes (RDW\u2013OS: HR = 1.68; LMR\u2013OS: HR = 0.58). PLR showed no significant association with prognosis. RPR and HRR results were inconsistent due to limited data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NLR, LMR, and RDW are promising prognostic biomarkers in MM, with elevated NLR and RDW and decreased LMR indicating poorer outcomes. PLR, RPR, and HRR require further investigation. These routinely accessible indices may aid in clinical risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:uri>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/view\/CRD420251105106<\/jats:uri>\n                      , identifier CRD420251105106.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1669878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T06:24:07Z","timestamp":1761805447000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Inflammatory markers from routine blood tests predict survival in multiple myeloma: a Systematic Review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mengjiao","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianru","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00117-021-00941-0","article-title":"Clinical update-multiple myeloma","volume":"62","author":"Goldschmidt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiologe."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23810","article-title":"Multiple myeloma: 2014 Update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management","volume":"89","author":"Vincent Rajkumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_56_18","article-title":"Inflammation and cancer","volume":"18","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Afr Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5505","article-title":"Clinical significance of preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio in the prognosis of resected early-stage patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106677","article-title":"Predictive value of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A meta-analysis","volume":"85","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2018\/e360","article-title":"Prognostic role of neutrophil\/lymphocyte ratio in resected gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Szor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203256","article-title":"Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts the benefit of gastric cancer patients with systemic therapy","volume":"13","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106959","article-title":"Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in colorectal cancer liver metastasis: A meta-analysis of results from multivariate analysis","volume":"107","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4143","article-title":"The prognostic utility of pre-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR) in colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Naszai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1724600819874487","article-title":"Preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predicts the risk of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Biol Markers."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9942","article-title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for the prognostic assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"7","author":"Qi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-021-02391-z","article-title":"Prognostic significance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in peripheral T-cell lymphoma: a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-018-0609-9","article-title":"Prognostic role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients: an updated dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Mu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15579883241234747","article-title":"Prognostic value of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) in patients with prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Xiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Mens Health"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1321584","article-title":"Prognostic value of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in gastric cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Mei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1533033820983085","article-title":"Prognostic value of pretreatment lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technol Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0265897","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265897","article-title":"Elevated baseline circulating platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and survival in initial stage IV gastric cancer patients: A meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-020-01952-2","article-title":"Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in gastric cancer: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3339","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15133339","article-title":"Prognostic values of systemic inflammatory immunological markers in glioblastoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Jarmuzek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14020438","article-title":"The value of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic marker in cholangiocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750x.2020.1731763","article-title":"Prognostic value of pre-treatment red blood cell distribution width in lung cancer: a meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomarkers."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1183886","article-title":"Clinical application of common inflammatory and nutritional indicators before treatment in prognosis evaluation of non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective real-world study","volume":"10","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20190740","article-title":"Relationship between red cell distribution width and prognosis in patients with breast cancer after operation: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"39","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2023.1000522","article-title":"Is red cell distribution width a prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer? A meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6036","article-title":"Prognostic significance of increased preoperative red cell distribution width (RDW) and changes in RDW for colorectal cancer","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.29018","article-title":"Combining red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV) and CEA predict poor prognosis for survival outcomes in colorectal cancer","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cancer."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm-2021-0577","article-title":"Prognostic value of hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio in cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Chi","year":"2022","journal-title":"biomark Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-024-03381-x","article-title":"Prognostic value of hemoglobin to red blood cell distribution width ratio in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a retrospective study","volume":"24","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/gs-22-410","article-title":"The usefulness of red blood cell distribution width and its ratio with platelet count in breast cancer after surgery and adjuvant treatment: a retrospective study","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gland Surg"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS Med"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-45","article-title":"Newcastle-Ottawa Scale: comparing reviewers\u2019 to authors\u2019 assessments","volume":"14","author":"Lo","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3233\/CBM-220451","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis and establishment of a prognostic model based on non-genetic predictors in multiple myeloma","volume":"38","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Biomarkers."},{"key":"B33","article-title":"Pretreatment platelet-lymphocyte ratio versus neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in the prognosis of multiple myeloma: A single center retrospective study","volume":"12","author":"Meng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2017.60","article-title":"Significance of the absolute lymphocyte\/monocyte ratio as a prognostic immune biomarker in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma [Letter","volume":"7","author":"Dosani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2016.054","article-title":"Myeloma prognostic index at diagnosis might be a prognostic marker in patients newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J Internal Med"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22107","article-title":"Pretreatment neutrophil\/lymphocyte ratio but not platelet\/lymphocyte ratio has a prognostic impact in multiple myeloma","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S227671","article-title":"Prognostic significance of the inflammatory index-based scoring system in patients preliminarily diagnosed with multiple myeloma in the bortezomib-based chemotherapy era","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Manage Res"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22032","article-title":"The predictive role of the neutrophil\/lymphocyte ratio in survival with multiple myeloma: A single center experience","volume":"31","author":"Onec","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Analysis."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-017-0019-6","article-title":"The NLR and LMR ratio in newly diagnosed MM patients treated upfront with novel agents [Letter","volume":"7","author":"Romano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13320","article-title":"Elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and decreased platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio are associated with poor prognosis in multiple myeloma","volume":"8","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jlp.Jlp_36_18","article-title":"Is the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio a new prognostic marker in multiple myeloma? Journal of laboratory physicians","volume":"10","author":"Solmaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"2018"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9434637","article-title":"Peripheral blood lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio as a useful prognostic factor in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"2018","author":"Tian","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.75662","article-title":"Red Cell Distribution Width at Diagnosis Reflects Advanced Disease While Dynamic Changes Predict Survival at Relapse in Multiple Myeloma: A Retrospective Study","volume":"16","author":"Yigit Ayhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22004","article-title":"The prognostic significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"30","author":"Wongrakpanich","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Analysis."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.923716","article-title":"Peripheral absolute lymphocyte count: An economical and clinical available immune-related prognostic marker for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Sci Monitor."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/CBM-170795","article-title":"Evaluation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in newly diagnosed patients receiving borte- zomib-based therapy for multiple myeloma","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Biomarkers."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-013-1978-8","article-title":"Predicting survival for multiple myeloma patients using baseline neutrophil\/lymphocyte ratio","volume":"93","author":"Kelkitli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Hematology."},{"key":"B48","article-title":"Peripheral blood lymphocyte to monocyte ratio predicts outcome in newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma patients with extramedullary involvements","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4132\/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.6.526","article-title":"Prognostic significance of absolute lymphocyte count\/absolute monocyte count ratio at diagnosis in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"47","author":"Shin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Korean J Pathology."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2018.02.009","article-title":"Pre-treatment red blood cell distribution width provides prognostic information in multiple myeloma","volume":"481","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/145619","article-title":"Elevated red blood cell distribution width as a simple prognostic factor in patients with symptomatic multiple myeloma","volume":"2014","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr.2018.01.13","article-title":"Prognostic significance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in multiple myeloma patients","volume":"7","author":"Zuo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trans Cancer Res"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.24076","article-title":"Prognostic significance of the red blood cell distribution width that maintain at high level following completion of first line therapy in multiple myeloma patients","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/CBM-170032","article-title":"Evaluation of pretreatment red cell distribution width in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Biomarkers."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/ahp-2020-0016","article-title":"Could ratio of hemoglobin to red cell distribution width and ratio of absolute lymphocyte count to absolute monocyte count be a prognostic tool in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients","volume":"51","author":"Baysal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Haematologica Polonica."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84343-x","article-title":"The prognostic value of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in multiple myeloma patients treated with a bortezomib-based regimen","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24976\/Discov.Med.202335175.16","article-title":"High red blood cell distribution width to platelet ratio is an independent poor prognostic factor in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Discov Med"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-00931-3","article-title":"The multiple myeloma microenvironment is defined by an inflammatory stromal cell landscape","volume":"22","author":"de Jong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.292","article-title":"A derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts survival in patients with cancer","volume":"107","author":"Proctor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Cancer."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12691","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16727-w","article-title":"The prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1336456","article-title":"Predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the prognosis and risk of death for adult sepsis patients: a meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17475","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017475","article-title":"Prognostic significance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with ovarian cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-024-01569-7","article-title":"Relationship between NLR and penile squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic\u00a0review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Babadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Urol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.707742","article-title":"Prognostic value of peripheral whole blood cell counts derived indexes in gallbladder carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2005.02.013","article-title":"Smoldering and polarized inflammation in the initiation and promotion of Malignant disease","volume":"7","author":"Balkwill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.808964","article-title":"Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancer: the fundamental indication and application on immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2020.06.011","article-title":"The role of immune cells in breast tissue and immunotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer","volume":"21","author":"Goff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30060","article-title":"Prognostic role of platelet to lymphocyte ratio in non-small cell lung cancers: A meta-analysis including 3,720 patients","volume":"139","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cancer."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ott.S52501","article-title":"Combination of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and platelet lymphocyte ratio is a useful predictor of postoperative survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Feng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000445045","article-title":"Prognostic value of the pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio for patients with neuroendocrine tumors: an izmir oncology group study","volume":"61","author":"Salman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemotherapy."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/th13-08-0632","article-title":"The comparison of thrombocytosis and platelet-lymphocyte ratio as potential prognostic markers in colorectal cancer","volume":"111","author":"Baranyai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3109\/10408363.2014.992064","article-title":"Red blood cell distribution width: A simple parameter with multiple clinical applications","volume":"52","author":"Salvagno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2009.07.024","article-title":"Red\u00a0cell distribution width in heart failure: prediction of clinical events and relationship\u00a0with markers of ineffective erythropoiesis, inflammation, renal function,\u00a0and nutritional state","volume":"158","author":"F\u00f6rh\u00e9cz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2014.08.016","article-title":"Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and long-term survival in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"134","author":"Arbel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13784","article-title":"Prognostic value of RDW in cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-6090","article-title":"Red cell distribution width (RDW): a prognostic indicator of severe COVID-19","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-021-02374-7","article-title":"Clinical importance of preoperative red-cell volume distribution width as a prognostic marker in patients undergoing radical surgery for pancreatic cancer","volume":"52","author":"Dang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14040945","article-title":"High red cell distribution width is associated with worse prognosis in early colorectal cancer after curative resection: A propensity-matched analysis","volume":"14","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.225417","article-title":"Platelets: a critical link between inflammation and microvascular dysfunction","volume":"590","author":"Stokes","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-015-9638-9","article-title":"Red cell distribution width to platelet ratio, a useful indicator of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis patients","volume":"9","author":"Taefi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i39.14450","article-title":"Red cell distribution width to platelet ratio: new and promising prognostic marker in acute pancreatitis","volume":"20","author":"Cetinkaya","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repc.2015.03.014","article-title":"The prognostic value of admission red cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"34","author":"Pusuroglu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.06.025","article-title":"Inflammation and cancer: triggers, mechanisms, and consequences","volume":"51","author":"Greten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13330","article-title":"Prognostic value of baseline hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio in small cell lung cancer: A retrospective analysis","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e937146","DOI":"10.12659\/msm.937146","article-title":"Hemoglobin\/red blood cell distribution width ratio in peripheral blood is positively associated with prognosis of patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"28","author":"Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39907","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.39907","article-title":"A new prognostic parameter associated with recurrence in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy: the ratio of the hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width","volume":"15","author":"Bozkaya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-019-01417-x","article-title":"A prognostic parameter in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: the ratio of hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width","volume":"24","author":"Bozkaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1669878\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T06:24:08Z","timestamp":1761805448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1669878\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"references-count":87,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1669878"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1669878","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"article-number":"1669878"}}