{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T05:46:41Z","timestamp":1780638401241,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article reports a case of SAPHO syndrome misdiagnosed as spinal infection, detailing the clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and imaging features of the patient. Through a review of the literature, common confounding factors and reasons for misdiagnosis in the diagnostic process of this disease are summarized. Comprehensive analysis of multiple related studies reveals that detailed medical history collection, advanced imaging examinations (such as ECT), and multidisciplinary consultations play a decisive role in making a correct diagnosis. Furthermore, the literature shows that the treatment for SAPHO syndrome is fundamentally different from spinal infection, with the former mainly relying on anti-inflammatory regulation, bone protective agents, and immune modulation therapy, rather than the indiscriminate use of antibiotics. This report aims to remind clinicians to maintain a high level of vigilance when facing spinal lesions, and to compare and summarize the latest advances in diagnosis and treatment, providing a reference for improving the level of diagnosis and treatment in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1683214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T05:32:43Z","timestamp":1760592763000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Misdiagnosed with spinal infection instead of SAPHO syndrome: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shuai","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyong","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengqi","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003688","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003688","article-title":"Treatment and monitoring of SAPHO syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2010.00931","article-title":"Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome with review of the relevant published work","volume":"38","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2024.09.083","article-title":"Misdiagnosis of SAPHO syndrome as chronic infectious myelitis: A rare case report","volume":"24","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.030","article-title":"Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome - A challenging diagnosis not to be missed","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ANNRHEUMDIS-2019-EULAR.2736","article-title":"AB1081 a comparative study on the features of the spinal involvement in sapho syndrome","volume":"78","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.14885","article-title":"Spinal involvement in SAPHO syndrome mimics metastatic hematogenous lesions","volume":"26","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14977","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.14977","article-title":"Infection in SAPHO syndrome: Is it a reactive osteitis","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71897","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.71897","article-title":"Challenges in diagnosing SAPHO syndrome: A multidisciplinary perspective","volume":"16","author":"Zahid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.14726","article-title":"Volume-rendered computed tomography images should be more widely used to report cases of SAPHO syndrome: Comment on: \u201cMandible involvement in SAPHO syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Delrieu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-023-05491-3","article-title":"SAPHO syndrome: current clinical, diagnostic and treatment approaches","volume":"44","author":"Demirci Yildirim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2024-226446","article-title":"Expert consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic non-bacterial osteitis (CNO) in adults","volume":"84","author":"Winter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16937","article-title":"Antibiotics in SAPHO syndrome: Comment on the article by Terui et\u00a0al","volume":"51","author":"Colina","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1683214\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T05:32:43Z","timestamp":1760592763000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1683214\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1683214"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1683214","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"article-number":"1683214"}}