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These phenotypically distinct macrophage subtypes are primarily categorized as either classically activated or inflammatory (M1) macrophages, or alternatively activated or anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages, the differentiation of which is underpinned by a complex regulatory network. Despite their crucial contribution to the pathobiology of acute lung injury\/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI\/ARDS), the research on AMs is currently limited. This study therefore aims to establish a comprehensive theoretical framework delineating the pathogenic role of AMs in ALI\/ARDS, facilitating deeper mechanistic understanding of disease initiation and progression in ALI\/ARDS and ultimately identifying novel therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1683411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T05:13:49Z","timestamp":1764220429000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Progress of alveolar macrophages in biological function and acute lung injury\/acute respiratory distress 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