{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T09:10:08Z","timestamp":1764666608036,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) suppresses viral loads in 71% of people living with HIV globally, while failing to bring adequate immune reconstitution in nearly one-third of them. We hypothesize that the persistence of latent HIV reservoirs in specific memory T cell subsets contributes to impaired immune recovery. We conducted a case-control study to estimate differences in the HIV-1 proviral DNA across memory CD4-positive T cell subsets between participants with CD4 counts of over 500 cells\/\u00b5L (immune responders or IRs) and those with counts of less than 350 cells\/\u00b5L (immune non-responders or INRs) with sustained viral suppression. Latent HIV reservoirs (LRs) were detected in at least one memory T cell subset in 48.33% of total participants. Latent reservoirs were more frequent among INRs than among IRs (65.38% versus 35.29%, P = 0.02), particularly in the effector memory T cell subset (34.6% in INRs versus 8.8% in IRs, P = 0.02). Thus, despite long-term viral suppression with HAART, the persistence of latent reservoirs in memory T cells is associated with poor CD4-positive T cell recovery. Emerging classes of antiretroviral agents that target latent viral pools may enhance immune restoration and bring us closer to finding an HIV cure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1684924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T09:08:12Z","timestamp":1764666492000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Latent reservoirs in memory T cell subsets are linked to poor immune recovery in people living with HIV"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Selwyn Selva","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John 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