{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T02:39:56Z","timestamp":1778121596532,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004775","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is an immune-mediated disorder that primarily involves the targeting of cartilaginous tissues for inflammation and destruction. Limbic encephalitis (LE) is a rare central nervous system (CNS) manifestation of RP. We report the case of a 39-year-old man who was diagnosed with RP complicated by anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor (anti-GABABR) antibody\u2212associated LE and presented with recurrent headaches, fever, bilateral auricular swelling, scleral injection, and cognitive impairment. Laboratory tests revealed positive anti-GABABR IgG antibodies in both the serum (titer 1:100) and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (titer 1:1), along with CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis. A brain MRI revealed bilateral frontal and parietal subcortical and periventricular T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR) hyperintensities. Immunosuppressive therapy with high-dose methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide induced rapid symptom resolution, and no relapse occurred during a follow-up period of 1 year. This case expands the spectrum of RP-associated LE, emphasizes the necessity of neuronal autoantibody screening in RP patients with neurological symptoms, and suggests potential pathogenic links involving antigenic cross-reactivity between cartilage and neural tissues and GABAergic metabolism dysregulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1687704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T05:30:32Z","timestamp":1761715832000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor antibody-associated limbic encephalitis in relapsing polychondritis: a rare case report and literature 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