{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T19:50:51Z","timestamp":1775505051180,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of frailty and to identify its associated risk factors in hospitalized patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s disease (SjD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted among hospitalized SjD patients at Xuanwu Hospital between August 2022 and October 2024. Frailty was evaluated using the Fried Frailty Phenotype, which comprises five components: unintentional weight loss, self-reported exhaustion, low physical activity, slowness, and weakness. Based on established criteria, patients were categorized as frail (\u22653 criteria), pre-frail (1\u20132 criteria), or robust (0 criteria).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 180 patients were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty was 27% and 49%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified higher c-reactive protein (OR = 1.080, 95% CI: 1.020-1.144, P = 0.008), the EULAR Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (OR = 1.082, 95% CI: 1.027-1.140, P = 0.003), and EULAR Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome Patient Reported Index (OR = 1.271, 95% CI: 1.064-1.518, P = 0.008) as independent risk factors for frailty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frailty is commonly observed among hospitalized patients with SjD and is independently associated with systemic inflammation and disease activity. These findings underscore the need for routine frailty assessment in clinical practice, particularly among patients with elevated inflammatory markers and more severe disease manifestations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1689685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T06:25:44Z","timestamp":1766125544000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Frailty and associated risk factors in patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s disease: a cross-sectional 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K.","family":"Chhetri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piu","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1702514","article-title":"Primary sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"378","author":"Mariette","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209952","article-title":"Influence of geolocation and ethnicity on the phenotypic expression of primary sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome at diagnosis in 8310 patients: A cross-sectional study from the big data sj\u00f6gren project 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