{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T20:49:48Z","timestamp":1781297388625,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":352,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Adrenergic signaling plays a critical role in modulating immune and physiological responses during parasitic infections. Catecholamines such as adrenaline and noradrenaline interact with adrenergic receptors (ARs) to regulate immune cell activity, inflammation, and systemic processes. This review highlights the involvement of adrenergic pathways in infections caused by protozoa (\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.) and helminths (cestodes, nematodes, and flukes). Central nervous system invasion by parasites is associated with neurodegeneration, mediated by immune and adrenergic mechanisms. Dysregulation of adrenergic signaling can exacerbate infection outcomes or contribute to immune-mediated tissue damage. Understanding these mechanisms provides insights into the potential of targeting adrenergic pathways to improve therapeutic strategies and manage parasitic infections effectively.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1691005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T12:24:40Z","timestamp":1769516680000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Adrenergic signaling during parasitic infections"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Patrycja","family":"Gardias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR)","place":["Warsaw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"B\u0105ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences","place":["Warsaw, Poland"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology","place":["Warsaw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35248\/0974-8369.24.16.760","article-title":"The global burden of parasitic diseases: prevalence, mortality and economic costs","volume":"16","author":"Isaev","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol Med"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"Soil-transmitted helminth infections\n          \n          \n          \n          2023"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011931","article-title":"Mathematical models of Plasmodium vivax transmission: A scoping review","volume":"20","author":"Anwar","year":"2024","journal-title":"PloS Comput 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