{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T05:23:20Z","timestamp":1761629000832,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015829","name":"Ministerstwo Zdrowia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["002\/RID\/2018\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["002\/RID\/2018\/19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify the differences in inflammatory response between critically ill patients responding to combined bacterial-fungal sepsis and those with isolated fungal sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective case-control study compared ICU patients who were exposed (n=24) and unexposed (n=20) to candidemia. Two exposure modes were analyzed: isolated candidemia (C; n=12) versus candidemia with bacterial co-infection (BC; n=12). Targeted proximity extension assay (PEA) was used to examine differences in serum inflammatory proteome between groups. Differential inflammatory proteins served as input for a logistic regression model to validate their effectiveness in discrimination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two major clusters\u2014candidemia cases and controls\u2014were identified based on differential protein expression analysis. In five-fold cross-validation, LAP-TGF beta-1 was identified as the main driver, effectively distinguishing isolated candidemia [AUC 0.95; 95% CI 0.853\u20131.000]. TRANCE and IL-17C showed potential as a diagnostic signature indicating bacterial co-infection in the context of candidemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The three-protein logistic regression panel (LAP-TGF beta-1, TRANCE and IL-17C) differentiated cases with isolated candidemia from those with candidemia and bacterial co-infection [AUC 0.82; 95% CI 0.629\u20130.968]. A three-protein inflammatory signature distinguished isolated fungal sepsis from combined bacterial-fungal sepsis. This study is the first to explore the inflammatory response to differentiate isolated candidemia from candidemia with bacterial co-infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1692077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T05:17:50Z","timestamp":1761628670000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diagnostic efficiency of inflammatory signatures to distinguish isolated candidemia from candidemia with bacterial 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