{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T17:11:04Z","timestamp":1788801064372,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by mucosal barrier disruption, immune dysregulation, and gut microbiota imbalance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding regulators of gene expression, have emerged as pivotal modulators of UC pathogenesis. By orchestrating epithelial cell apoptosis, tight junction integrity, and mucin secretion, miRNAs such as miR-223, miR-151-5p, and miR-429 contribute to barrier dysfunction. Additionally, miRNAs shape the innate and adaptive immune responses by influencing macrophage polarization, dendritic cell maturation, and T cell subset differentiation, including Th17\/Treg and Th1\/Th2 balance. Specific miRNAs further modulate gut microbial composition and host-microbe interactions. Clinically, circulating miRNAs serve as promising non-invasive biomarkers for disease diagnosis, activity monitoring, and therapeutic response prediction. Therapeutically, miRNA mimics and inhibitors have shown efficacy in early-phase clinical trials, offering a novel strategy beyond current biologics. This review summarizes recent mechanistic insights and translational advances, underscoring the multifaceted roles of miRNAs in UC and their potential to inform precision diagnostics and targeted therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1697059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T06:43:18Z","timestamp":1766040198000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["MicroRNAs as multifaceted regulators and therapeutic targets in ulcerative colitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xuerui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weixiang","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2024.08.003","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis: clinical biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and emerging treatments","volume":"45","author":"Wangchuk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2021-0080","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis: an update","volume":"21","author":"Segal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2019.1593094","article-title":"Small molecules with big roles in microRNA chemical biology and microRNA-targeted therapeutics","volume":"16","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"RNA Biol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14646","article-title":"Spotlight on microRNAs in allergy and asthma","volume":"76","author":"Weidner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13756","article-title":"Molecular techniques for respiratory diseases: MicroRNA and extracellular vesicles","volume":"25","author":"Gon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.868229","article-title":"miRNAs can affect intestinal epithelial barrier in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"13","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.707776","article-title":"miRNA-based potential biomarkers and new molecular insights in ulcerative colitis","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17562848241230896","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848241230896","article-title":"TH17 cell: a double-edged sword in the development of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"17","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2019.8277","article-title":"The role of the miR-21-5p-mediated inflammatory pathway in ulcerative colitis","volume":"19","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.01.055","article-title":"MicroRNA-425 facilitates pathogenic Th17 cell differentiation by targeting forkhead box O1 (Foxo1) and is associated with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"496","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03125","article-title":"Differentiation of pathogenic th17 cells is negatively regulated by let-7 microRNAs in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Angelou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00517","article-title":"Personalizing treatment in IBD: hype or reality in 2020? 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