{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T06:38:29Z","timestamp":1763015909524,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-15-0086, APVV-19-0411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-15-0086, APVV-19-0411"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003193","name":"Ministerstvo \u0161kolstva, vedy, v\u00fdskumu a \u0161portu Slovenskej republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VEGA 1\/0327\/19, VEGA 2\/0144\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEGA 1\/0327\/19, VEGA 2\/0144\/23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study addresses changes in peripheral blood immune cell composition and possible late effects of curative treatment in testicular germ cell tumors (GCT) survivors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed the immunophenotype in peripheral blood obtained from 202 survivors treated at the National Cancer Institute in Bratislava by flow cytometry. The median long-term follow-up was 13 years (1-35). We divided the survivors into groups as follows: CT-chemotherapy (N\u00a0=\u00a0141), RT-radiotherapy (N\u00a0=\u00a016), CTRT \u2013 chemotherapy + radiotherapy (N\u00a0=\u00a013), and the control group of patients under active surveillance - AS (N\u00a0=\u00a032).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Survivors treated with AS had a lower number of B-cells (mean \u00b1 standard deviation (SD) = 10.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.5 vs 11.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.2, p=0.04) compared to the CT group. Survivors treated with AS vs RT had a higher number of total lymphocytes (29.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.7 vs 25.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.3, p=0.04). In AS vs CTRT group B-cells (10.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.5 vs 13.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05, p=0.01) and conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) (74.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.8 vs 82.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.7, p=0.04) showed lower numbers. Survivors treated with AS vs. \u2264 400 mg\/m2 cumulative dose of cisplatin had fewer eosinophils (2.29\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.5 vs 2.99\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.7, p=0.03) and double-negative T-cells (DNT cells) (4.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.4 vs 6.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.6, p=0.04). In AS vs. \u2265 400 mg\/m2, B cells counts were lower in the control group (10.96\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.3 vs 12.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.8, p=0.03); treatment with \u2264 400 mg\/m2 vs. \u2265 400 mg\/m2 resulted in higher counts of eosinophils (3.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.7 vs 2.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.7, p=0.00025) and DNT cells (6.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.7 vs 4.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.6, p=0.02).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study demonstrates an association between both cisplatin-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy with specific immune cell populations, suggesting that these treatment modalities may exert long-term immunomodulatory effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  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