{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T08:23:56Z","timestamp":1793089436721,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psoriasis patients are frequently exposed to residual inflammation and visceral obesity, two factors that synergistically increase cardiometabolic risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated IL-6 as a potential integrative biomarker linking these pathways in a cross-sectional study including 80 patients with well-controlled skin disease and 20 matched healthy controls. Serum IL-6 was measured by ELISA, and visceral adiposity estimated using the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psoriasis patients displayed significantly higher IL-6 than controls (38.1 pg\/mL [35.5\u201341.3] vs. 21.4 pg\/mL [19.5\u201333.4]; p&amp;lt;0.001). A distinct VAI threshold of 1.3 was identified, above which IL-6 levels rose steeply until VAI 2.2 and then plateaued. Patients with VAI \u22651.3 had markedly higher IL-6 and pro-inflammatory cytokines than those below this cutoff. Random forest regression confirmed IFN-\u03b3, IL-1\u03b2, IL-12p70, and IL-17 as dominant predictors of IL-6, while HbA1c, FIB-4, and treatment contributed minimally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that IL-6 elevation in psoriasis primarily reflects cytokine-driven residual inflammation, with non-linear amplification once visceral adiposity exceeds a critical threshold. The threshold-dependent IL-6 dynamic highlights a clinically meaningful inflection point, integrating residual inflammation and visceral fat dysfunction, and may guide early cardiometabolic risk stratification and intervention. Prospective validation is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1699343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T06:27:40Z","timestamp":1765780060000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["IL-6 as an integrative biomarker of residual inflammation and visceral adiposity in psoriasis: a VAI threshold-dependent model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Eva Klara","family":"Merzel \u0160abovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadeja","family":"Kraner 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