{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T08:00:43Z","timestamp":1767945643655,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 95% of ovarian teratomas are classified as benign, with only about 5% being malignant. Nevertheless, no research has previously explored the connection between primary tumor laterality and prognostic outcomes among malignant ovarian teratoma (MOT) patients. Our aim was to investigate the association of primary tumor laterality with prognosis in MOT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study enrolled patients with MOT from The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2012 to December 2021. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The prognostic difference between left-sided, right-sided and bilateral groups was investigated using Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 51 eligible patients with MOT were included with a median age of 52 years. Among the patients with MOT, the multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that right-sided (hazard ratio [HR]=0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.00-0.04;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01) MOT was associated with better PFS, compared with left-sided MOT (HR = 1.00). Kaplan-Meier analyses also showed that the primary tumor laterality had a significant prognostic effect in MOT.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among patients with MOT, those with unilateral tumors, particularly right-sided ones, had a significantly better prognosis than those with bilateral tumors. Gynecologic oncologists might account for the prognostic impact of primary tumor laterality in MOT and tailor treatment and surveillance accordingly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1700779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T06:40:14Z","timestamp":1767940814000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The prognostic significance of primary tumor laterality in malignant ovarian teratomas: a 10-year experience at a single institution"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xuechao","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zian","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2021.07.037","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes of Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors in Korea, 1999-2017","volume":"163","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076141","article-title":"Mature cystic teratoma: an integrated review","volume":"24","author":"Cong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000216004.22588.ce","article-title":"Incidence and survival rates for female Malignant germ cell tumors","volume":"107","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11345","article-title":"Pathology and classification of ovarian tumors","volume":"97","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21456","article-title":"Ovarian cancer statistics, 2018","volume":"68","author":"Torre","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-020-02873-0","article-title":"Ovarian teratomas: clinical features, imaging findings and management","volume":"46","author":"Saleh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0301-2115(99)00141-4","article-title":"Mature cystic teratomas of the ovary: case series from one institution over 34 years","volume":"88","author":"Ayhan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.21.2.g01mr09475","article-title":"Ovarian teratomas: tumor types and imaging characteristics","volume":"21","author":"Outwater","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.842703","article-title":"30-year experience with 22 cases of Malignant transformation arising from ovarian mature cystic teratoma: A rare disease","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B10","article-title":"Laterality and prognosis in ovarian cancer","volume":"49","author":"Weiss","year":"1977","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0b013e31820581e5","article-title":"Prognostic impact of laterality in Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors","volume":"21","author":"Mahdi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05864-0","article-title":"Distinctive pattern of left-right asymmetry of ovarian benign teratomas in Chinese population: a 12-year-long cross-sectional study","volume":"303","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.08.1015","article-title":"MDCT of the ovarian vein: normal anatomy and pathology","volume":"192","author":"Karaosmanoglu","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del079","article-title":"Deeply infiltrating endometriosis: pathogenetic implications of the anatomical distribution","volume":"21","author":"Chapron","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2412-0","article-title":"Better survival in right-sided versus left-sided stage I - 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