{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:37:18Z","timestamp":1792103838182,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n The impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) on the efficacy and prognosis of pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN)-based therapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains controversial and requires further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A total of 620 CHB patients receiving Peg-IFN-based therapy were enrolled and categorized into MASLD-CHB (n = 247) and CHB (n = 373) groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to balance baseline differences. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and LASSO-Cox regression were applied to identify independent predictors of complete virological response (CVR) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n After PSM, 247 patients were included in each group. Compared with the MASLD-CHB group, the CHB group exhibited significantly higher cumulative CVR rates at month 3 (36.84%\n vs.<\/jats:italic>\n 24.54%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.041), month 12 (77.19%\n vs<\/jats:italic>\n . 62.72%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.013), end of treatment (EOT) (78.94%\n vs<\/jats:italic>\n . 65.45%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.019), and end of follow-up (EOF) (80.70%\n vs<\/jats:italic>\n . 68.18%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.026). The median time to the first CVR was shorter in the CHB group (4.4\n vs<\/jats:italic>\n . 5.5 months,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.030). LASSO-Cox regression revealed HBV DNA (HR: 0.486, 95% CI: 0.297-0.793,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.004), MASLD (HR: 0.736, 95% CI: 0.550-0.986,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.040), HBsAg (HR: 0.808, 95% CI: 0.706-0.926,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.002), HBeAg positivity (HR: 0.611, 95% CI: 0.433-0.862,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.005), and triglycerides (HR: 0.793, 95% CI: 0.661-0.951,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.012) as independent suppressors of CVR. Multiple factors were associated with HBsAg seroclearance (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.05). At the EOF, the MASLD-CHB group had higher liver stiffness measurement values (8.10 [6.40, 9.60]\n vs<\/jats:italic>\n . 6.20 [5.00, 7.50]) and a greater proportion of moderate-to-severe fibrosis (18.7%\n vs<\/jats:italic>\n . 5.9%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.01).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n In CHB patients receiving Peg-IFN-based therapy, concurrent MASLD may impede the reduction of HBV DNA levels, delay the time of first CVR, and potentially accelerate liver fibrosis progression.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1708909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T06:41:30Z","timestamp":1767940890000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease on the efficacy of pegylated interferon-based therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis 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