{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T19:23:02Z","timestamp":1793992982816,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":248,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82300526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82300526"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disorder characterized by the obstruction of cerebral arteries, leading to focal cerebral ischemia and infarction, ultimately resulting in neurological deficits. Its pathogenesis involves a cascade of immune-inflammatory responses and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Emerging evidence highlights that immune inflammation is a central driver of post-stroke brain injury. Microglial activation, neutrophil infiltration, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines collectively exacerbate BBB breakdown and neuronal death. Concurrently, these immune processes participate in tissue remodeling and repair. Notably, the interplay between immune-mediated inflammation and BBB damage forms a vicious cycle that aggravates neurological outcomes and hampers recovery. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of ischemia and hypoxia-induced BBB dysfunction, and the immunological processes involved, aiming to provide insights into multi-target and temporally precise neuroprotective strategies for ischemic stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1716041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T05:26:08Z","timestamp":1765344368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Immune-mediated blood-brain barrier disruption after ischemic stroke: mechanisms and therapeutic targets"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hanjing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhang","family":"Yiqiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30030-4","article-title":"The global burden of stroke: persistent and disabling","volume":"18","author":"Gorelick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00277-6","article-title":"Pragmatic solutions to reduce the global burden of stroke: a World Stroke Organization-Lancet Neurology Commission","volume":"22","author":"Feigin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.703258","article-title":"Hemorrhagic transformation after ischemic stroke: mechanisms and management","volume":"12","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI135530","article-title":"Immune responses to stroke: mechanisms, modulation, and therapeutic potential","volume":"130","author":"Iadecola","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-023-01282-2","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke","volume":"23","author":"Alsbrook","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00319","article-title":"Post-ischemic inflammation regulates neural damage and protection","volume":"8","author":"Shichita","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2011.00292.x","article-title":"Classifying ischemic stroke, from TOAST to CISS","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212802481200","article-title":"Inflammation in ischemic stroke subtypes","volume":"18","author":"Tuttolomondo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16269","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202216269","article-title":"Systemic inflammation after stroke: implications for post-stroke comorbidities","volume":"14","author":"Simats","year":"2022","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38964.489051.80","article-title":"Atherothrombosis and ischaemic stroke","volume":"334","author":"Rothwell","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000075297","article-title":"Role of inflammation in stroke and atherothrombosis","author":"Chamorro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.08.1043","article-title":"Inflammation, immunity, and infection in atherothrombosis: JACC review topic of the week","volume":"72","author":"Libby","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0902.104353","article-title":"Inflammation and atherosclerosis","volume":"105","author":"Libby","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-199610000-00012","article-title":"Macrophages and atherosclerotic plaque stability","volume":"7","author":"Libby","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2017.10.001","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier dysfunction and recovery after ischemic stroke","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157340310791658730","article-title":"Cardioembolic stroke: clinical features, specific cardiac disorders and prognosis","volume":"6","author":"Arboix","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.03.002","article-title":"Cardioembolic stroke","volume":"42","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01064-1","article-title":"Signaling pathways involved in ischemic stroke: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions","volume":"7","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1109766","article-title":"Inflammatory mechanisms in ischemic stroke: role of inflammatory cells","volume":"87","author":"Jin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00055","article-title":"Severe blood-brain barrier disruption in cardioembolic stroke","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2518-9103","article-title":"Pathophysiology and management of cerebral venous thrombosis","volume":"45","author":"Morais","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hamostaseologie"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.833490","article-title":"Inflammation in cerebral venous thrombosis","volume":"13","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra042354","article-title":"Thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinuses","volume":"352","author":"Stam","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36366","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000036366","article-title":"Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of cerebral venous thrombosis: A comprehensive review","volume":"102","author":"Ranjan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.873802","article-title":"Inflammation and severe cerebral venous thrombosis","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.06.029","article-title":"Early BBB breakdown and subacute inflammasome activation and pyroptosis as a result of cerebral venous thrombosis","volume":"1699","author":"Rashad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.98","article-title":"The immunology of acute stroke","volume":"8","author":"Chamorro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X21666230718104634","article-title":"The relationship of astrocytes and microglia with different stages of ischemic stroke","volume":"21","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000053472.41007.F9","article-title":"Oligodendrocytes and ischemic brain injury","volume":"23","author":"Dewar","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.678744","article-title":"Immune cells in the BBB disruption after acute ischemic stroke: targets for immune therapy","volume":"12","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2399","article-title":"The immunology of stroke: from mechanisms to translation","volume":"17","author":"Iadecola","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-020-0263-9","article-title":"Immune cell regulation of glia during CNS injury and disease","volume":"21","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00294","article-title":"Glial cells: role of the immune response in ischemic stroke","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106200","article-title":"New insights into the roles of oligodendrocytes regulation in ischemic stroke recovery","volume":"184","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00147","article-title":"Rational modulation of the innate immune system for neuroprotection in ischemic stroke","volume":"9","author":"Amantea","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-174","article-title":"Temporal pattern of expression and colocalization of microglia\/macrophage phenotype markers following brain ischemic injury in mice","volume":"8","author":"Perego","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00061","article-title":"Interleukin-4 ameliorates the functional recovery of intracerebral hemorrhage through the alternative activation of microglia\/macrophage","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni828","article-title":"Sensitization of IFN-gamma Jak-STAT signaling during macrophage activation","volume":"3","author":"Hu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0186937","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186937","article-title":"CD8 signaling in microglia\/macrophage M1 polarization in a rat model of cerebral ischemia","volume":"13","author":"Boddaert","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01236","article-title":"Individual in vivo Profiles of Microglia Polarization After Stroke, Represented by the Genes iNOS and Ym1","volume":"10","author":"Collmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11003","article-title":"Modulators of microglia activation and polarization in ischemic stroke (Review)","volume":"21","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2016.162","article-title":"Regulation of microglial activation in stroke","volume":"38","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-98","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and M2 microglia: the good, the bad, and the inflamed","volume":"11","author":"Cherry","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.03.008","article-title":"IL-4 switches microglia\/macrophage M1\/M2 polarization and alleviates neurological damage by modulating the JAK1\/STAT6 pathway following ICH","volume":"437","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01452-1","article-title":"Macrophages in immunoregulation and therapeutics","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-019-00675-7","article-title":"Berberine facilitates angiogenesis against ischemic stroke through modulating microglial polarization via AMPK signaling","volume":"39","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1770352","article-title":"New role of astrocytes in neuroprotective mechanisms after ischemic stroke","volume":"81","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12928","article-title":"Astrocytes in ischemic stroke: Crosstalk in central nervous system and therapeutic potential","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(77)90190-3","article-title":"Acute tissue response to cerebral ischemia in the gerbil: An ultrastructural study","volume":"33","author":"Dodson","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Neurological Sci"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1513-1","article-title":"Astrocytes: a central element in neurological diseases","volume":"131","author":"Pekny","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051603","article-title":"Regulation of AQP4 in the central nervous system","volume":"21","author":"Vandebroek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00171.1997","article-title":"Specialized membrane domains for water transport in glial cells: high-resolution immunogold cytochemistry of aquaporin-4 in rat brain","volume":"17","author":"Nielsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/72256","article-title":"Aquaporin-4 deletion in mice reduces brain edema after acute water intoxication and ischemic stroke","volume":"6","author":"Manley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.05.003","article-title":"Reactive astrocytes and therapeutic potential in focal ischemic stroke","volume":"85","author":"Choudhury","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.49","article-title":"Astrocytic P2Y(1) receptor is involved in the regulation of cytokine\/chemokine transcription and cerebral damage in a rat model of cerebral ischemia","volume":"31","author":"Kuboyama","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00095.2018","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in ischemic stroke: targeting tight junctions and transporters for vascular protection","volume":"315","author":"Abdullahi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.988283","article-title":"Cerebral edema after ischemic stroke: Pathophysiology and underlying mechanisms","volume":"16","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000517378","article-title":"Function of astrocytes in neuroprotection and repair after ischemic stroke","volume":"84","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2018.00238","article-title":"The emerging role of microRNAs in aquaporin regulation","volume":"6","author":"Gomes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Chem"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.280701","article-title":"MicroRNA-130a represses transcriptional activity of aquaporin 4 M1 promoter","volume":"287","author":"Sepramaniam","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1299-06.2006","article-title":"Origin of oligodendrocytes in the subventricular zone of the adult brain","volume":"26","author":"Menn","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12263","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte pathophysiology and treatment strategies in cerebral ischemia","volume":"20","author":"Mifsud","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00023","article-title":"Immunosignals of oligodendrocyte markers and myelin-associated proteins are critically affected after experimental stroke in wild-type and alzheimer modeling mice of different ages","volume":"12","author":"Michalski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0236-y","article-title":"Disease-specific oligodendrocyte lineage cells arise in multiple sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Falc\u00e3o","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3780-05.2006","article-title":"Activation of kainate receptors sensitizes oligodendrocytes to complement attack","volume":"26","author":"Alberdi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3887","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11638-3","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte precursor cells present antigen and are cytotoxic targets in inflammatory demyelination","volume":"10","author":"Kirby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-022516-034406","article-title":"Microglia in physiology and disease","volume":"79","author":"Wolf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-02024-8","article-title":"The good, the bad, and the opportunities of the complement system in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"17","author":"Schartz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858413516800","article-title":"Nogo-A: multiple roles in CNS development, maintenance, and disease","volume":"20","author":"Schmandke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-018-1173-4","article-title":"Immune cells after ischemic stroke onset: roles, migration, and target intervention","volume":"66","author":"Ao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12352","article-title":"Neutrophil-mediated vascular barrier injury: Role of neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"24","author":"Meegan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.06.003","article-title":"Inhibition of chemokine-like factor 1 improves blood-brain barrier dysfunction in rats following focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"627","author":"Kong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2020.113508","article-title":"CNS and peripheral immunity in cerebral ischemia: partition and interaction","volume":"335","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.77434","article-title":"Regulating neutrophil PAD4\/NOX-dependent cerebrovasular thromboinflammation","volume":"19","author":"Ansari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e154225","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI154225","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps regulate ischemic stroke brain injury","volume":"132","author":"Denorme","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02635-z","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps exacerbate ischemic brain damage","volume":"59","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.534503","article-title":"Temporal and spatial dynamics of cerebral immune cell accumulation in stroke","volume":"40","author":"Gelderblom","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.825572","article-title":"Roles of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in ischemic brain injury and post-ischemic brain remodeling","volume":"12","author":"Mohamud Yusuf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10102667","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps-DNase balance and autoimmunity","volume":"10","author":"Angeletti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9080365","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular trap formation: physiology, pathology, and pharmacology","volume":"9","author":"Ravindran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14368","article-title":"Monocyte-related cytokines\/chemokines in cerebral ischemic stroke","volume":"29","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.72.4.621","article-title":"The mononuclear phagocyte system revisited","volume":"72","author":"Hume","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.029395","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-9 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 are associated with collateral status in acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion","volume":"51","author":"Mechtouff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/816460","article-title":"Understanding the mysterious M2 macrophage through activation markers and effector mechanisms","volume":"2015","author":"R\u0151szer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediators Inflammation"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.308198","article-title":"Monocyte conversion during inflammation and injury","volume":"37","author":"Kratofil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.578003","article-title":"Monocyte transmodulation: the next novel therapeutic approach in overcoming ischemic stroke","volume":"11","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2250233","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202250233","article-title":"Macrophage and monocyte subsets in response to ischemic stroke","volume":"53","author":"Blank-Stein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.593046","article-title":"Role of T lymphocytes and interferon-gamma in ischemic stroke","volume":"113","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.09.006","article-title":"Peripheral immune cells infiltrate into sites of secondary neurodegeneration after ischemic stroke","volume":"67","author":"Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201445125","article-title":"Cell surface levels of endothelial ICAM-1 influence the transcellular or paracellular T-cell diapedesis across the blood-brain barrier","volume":"45","author":"Abadier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1867-14.2014","article-title":"Antigen dependently activated cluster of differentiation 8-positive T cells cause perforin-mediated neurotoxicity in experimental stroke","volume":"34","author":"Mracsko","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00689","article-title":"Adaptive immunity regulation and cerebral ischemia","volume":"11","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.707972","article-title":"T cell response in ischemic stroke: from mechanisms to translational insights","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02083-5","article-title":"The effect of fingolimod on regulatory T cells in a mouse model of brain ischaemia","volume":"18","author":"Malone","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.005000","article-title":"Blocking of \u03b14 integrin does not protect from acute ischemic stroke in mice","volume":"45","author":"Langhauser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3411-17.2018","article-title":"In vivo expansion of regulatory T cells with IL-2\/IL-2 antibody complex protects against transient ischemic stroke","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-013-9508-6","article-title":"Role of inflammation and its mediators in acute ischemic stroke","volume":"6","author":"Jin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Transl Res"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2022.10.002","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome: activation and regulation","volume":"48","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09663","article-title":"A role for mitochondria in NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"469","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.11.012","article-title":"Interleukin-1 mediates ischaemic brain injury via distinct actions on endothelial cells and cholinergic neurons","volume":"76","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2674-08.2008","article-title":"Systemic inflammation alters the kinetics of cerebrovascular tight junction disruption after experimental stroke in mice","volume":"28","author":"McColl","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30112353","article-title":"Regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability via JNK signaling pathway: mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke, Alzheimer\u2019s disease and brain tumors","volume":"30","author":"Plotnikov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0346-0","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory TNF\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 differentially regulate the inflammatory phenotype of brain microvascular endothelial cells","volume":"12","author":"O\u2019Carroll","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-5-46","article-title":"Interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha are expressed by different subsets of microglia and macrophages after ischemic stroke in mice","volume":"5","author":"Clausen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-019-0258-0","article-title":"Propofol attenuates TNF-\u03b1-induced MMP-9 expression in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells by inhibiting Ca2+\/CAMK II\/ERK\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"40","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010283","article-title":"Protective effects of sophoraflavanone G by inhibiting TNF-\u03b1-induced MMP-9-mediated events in brain microvascular endothelial cells","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2023.152706","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 evokes blood-brain barrier dysfunction through activation of Rho-kinase and neurokinin 1 receptor","volume":"228","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.06.038","article-title":"TNF and its receptors in the CNS: The essential, the desirable and the deleterious effects","volume":"302","author":"Probert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03365-y","article-title":"Inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling promotes post-stroke functional recovery in a sex and dose-dependent manner","volume":"22","author":"Hall","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.4989","article-title":"IL-6 trans-signaling via the soluble IL-6 receptor: importance for the pro-inflammatory activities of IL-6","volume":"8","author":"Rose-John","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.11.021","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3, IL-17A, or zonulin rapidly increase the permeability of the blood-brain and small intestinal epithelial barriers: Relevance for neuro-inflammatory diseases","volume":"507","author":"Rahman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0603252","article-title":"Interferon-gamma: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions","volume":"75","author":"Schroder","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.6.2846","article-title":"Class II MHC gene expression in microglia. Regulation by the cytokines IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta","volume":"154","author":"Panek","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201904","article-title":"The alternative complement pathway propagates inflammation and injury in murine ischemic stroke","volume":"189","author":"Elvington","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000358834","article-title":"Relative contribution of c1q and apoptotic cell-surface calreticulin to macrophage phagocytosis","volume":"6","author":"Verneret","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Innate Immun"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1923","article-title":"Complement: a key system for immune surveillance and homeostasis","volume":"11","author":"Ricklin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2009.02253.x","article-title":"In situ deposition of complement in human acute brain ischaemia","volume":"69","author":"Pedersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1983.tb18116.x","article-title":"Initiation of the alternative complement pathway due to spontaneous hydrolysis of the thioester of C3","volume":"421","author":"Pangburn","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0737com","article-title":"Regulation by complement C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins of cytokine production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells","volume":"17","author":"Monsinjon","year":"2003","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V93.10.3241.410k02_3241_3249","article-title":"NF-kappaB activation is required for C5a-induced interleukin-8 gene expression in mononuclear cells","volume":"93","author":"Hsu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B121","article-title":"Release of histamine from rat mast cells by the complement peptides C3a and C5a","volume":"28","author":"Johnson","year":"1975","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707332","article-title":"Function, structure and therapeutic potential of complement C5a receptors","volume":"152","author":"Monk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-011-8239-5","article-title":"Membrane attack by complement: the assembly and biology of terminal complement complexes","volume":"51","author":"Tegla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-024-00608-7","article-title":"Metabolomic discoveries for early diagnosis and traditional Chinese medicine efficacy in ischemic stroke","volume":"12","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"biomark Res"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880020508","article-title":"Cerebral lactate production and blood flow in acute stroke","volume":"2","author":"Henriksen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14141096","article-title":"The role of lactate in immune regulation: A metabolic rheostat via transporters, receptors, and epigenetic modifiers","volume":"14","author":"Choi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks066","article-title":"Lactate, a product of glycolytic metabolism, inhibits histone deacetylase activity and promotes changes in gene expression","volume":"40","author":"Latham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-017-0076-6","article-title":"Hypoxic stress and inflammatory pain disrupt blood-brain barrier tight junctions: implications for drug delivery to the central nervous system","volume":"19","author":"Lochhead","year":"2017","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0113-2","article-title":"Lactate potentiates angiogenesis and neurogenesis in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"50","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14156","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA stress primes the antiviral innate immune response","volume":"520","author":"West","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21952","article-title":"Leveraging the ATP-P2X7 receptor signalling axis to alleviate traumatic CNS damage and related complications","volume":"43","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0512-z","article-title":"Dual roles of the adenosine A2a receptor in autoimmune neuroinflammation","volume":"13","author":"Ingwersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3804","article-title":"The ketone metabolite \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease","volume":"21","author":"Youm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12040657","article-title":"Mechanisms of blood-brain barrier protection by microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids","volume":"12","author":"Fock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06440-3","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and energy metabolism: a dual perspective on ischemic stroke","volume":"23","author":"Lei","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.319994","article-title":"Immune pathways in etiology, acute phase, and chronic sequelae of ischemic stroke","volume":"130","author":"Endres","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02167","article-title":"The involvement and therapy target of immune cells after ischemic stroke","volume":"10","author":"Jian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1716-9","article-title":"Microglia-derived TNF-\u03b1 mediates endothelial necroptosis aggravating blood brain-barrier disruption after ischemic stroke","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5533","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84987-z","article-title":"Poldip2 controls leukocyte infiltration into the ischemic brain by regulating focal adhesion kinase-mediated VCAM-1 induction","volume":"11","author":"Eidson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.036946","article-title":"Neuroinflammation, stroke, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and imaging modalities","volume":"53","author":"Candelario-Jalil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-02057-z","article-title":"The immune response of T cells and therapeutic targets related to regulating the levels of T helper cells after ischaemic stroke","volume":"18","author":"Lei","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X251366071","article-title":"Regulatory T cells as novel cell-based therapy for ischemic stroke","volume":"45","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-23-01385","article-title":"T cell interactions with microglia in immune-inflammatory processes of ischemic stroke","volume":"20","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neural Regener Res"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13081","article-title":"The peripheral immune response after stroke-A double edge sword for blood-brain barrier integrity","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00630","article-title":"Immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies in stroke","volume":"10","author":"Malone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00136.2018","article-title":"Neuroinflammatory mechanisms of blood-brain barrier damage in ischemic stroke","volume":"316","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2008.08.005","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier tight junction permeability and ischemic stroke","volume":"32","author":"Sandoval","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000016405.06729.83","article-title":"Calcium modulation of adherens and tight junction function: a potential mechanism for blood-brain barrier disruption after stroke","volume":"33","author":"Brown","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7150376","article-title":"Novel therapeutic effects of leonurine on ischemic stroke: new mechanisms of BBB integrity","volume":"2017","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8538-z","article-title":"Mmp-9 inhibition: a therapeutic strategy in ischemic stroke","volume":"49","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01022","article-title":"Oxidants, antioxidants and the ischemic brain","volume":"207","author":"Warner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760902751902","article-title":"Involvement of ROS in BBB dysfunction","volume":"43","author":"Pun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Free Radic Res"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2018-000198","article-title":"Basement membrane and blood-brain barrier","volume":"4","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc Neurol"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106720","article-title":"An MMP-9 exclusive neutralizing antibody attenuates blood-brain barrier breakdown in mice with stroke and reduces stroke patient-derived MMP-9 activity","volume":"190","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4413","article-title":"Astrocytic laminin regulates pericyte differentiation and maintains blood brain barrier integrity","volume":"5","author":"Yao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X18801467","article-title":"Basement membrane and stroke","volume":"39","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-020-00230-3","article-title":"A blood-brain barrier overview on structure, function, impairment, and biomarkers of integrity","volume":"17","author":"Kadry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfw167","article-title":"Hydroquinone strongly alleviates focal ischemic brain injury via blockage of blood-brain barrier disruption in rats","volume":"154","author":"Ha Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.119.086918","article-title":"Systematic development and verification of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of rivaroxaban","volume":"47","author":"Cheong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2022.0225","article-title":"P-glycoprotein aggravates blood brain barrier dysfunction in experimental ischemic stroke by inhibiting endothelial autophagy","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2007.22.5.5","article-title":"Vasogenic edema due to tight junction disruption by matrix metalloproteinases in cerebral ischemia","volume":"22","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1815-1","article-title":"Functional morphology of the blood-brain barrier in health and disease","volume":"135","author":"Liebner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55782\/ane-2022-027","article-title":"Human albumin aggravates cerebral edema by disrupting the blood\u2212brain barrier in a rat model of ischemic stroke","volume":"82","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars)"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X241241907","article-title":"NK1 tachykinin receptor antagonist treatment reduces cerebral edema and intracranial pressure in an ovine model of ischemic stroke","volume":"44","author":"Sorby-Adams","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2018.11.006","article-title":"New progress in the approaches for blood-brain barrier protection in acute ischemic stroke","volume":"144","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.07.030","article-title":"Structure and function of the blood-brain barrier","volume":"37","author":"Abbott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.1420","article-title":"What is acute ischemic stroke","volume":"327","author":"Walter","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01711-x","article-title":"Analysis of brain and blood single-cell transcriptomics in acute and subacute phases after experimental stroke","volume":"25","author":"Garcia-Bonilla","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.03.31.535150","article-title":"Brain and blood single-cell transcriptomics in acute and subacute phases after experimental stroke","volume":"2023","author":"Garcia-Bonilla","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-022-00222-8","article-title":"The gut-brain axis in ischemic stroke: its relevance in pathology and as a therapeutic target","volume":"4","author":"Benakis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol Res Pract"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15070920","article-title":"A comprehensive review of the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis via neuroinflammation: advances and therapeutic implications for ischemic stroke","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-022-00691-2","article-title":"Ischemic stroke and intestinal flora: an insight into brain-gut axis","volume":"27","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6508046","article-title":"Crosstalk between the gut and brain in ischemic stroke: mechanistic insights and therapeutic options","volume":"2022","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mediators Inflammation"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262010071","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the onset and progression of stroke","volume":"26","author":"Caballero-Villarraso","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1141387","article-title":"The gastrointestinal-brain-microbiota axis: a promising therapeutic target for ischemic stroke","volume":"14","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1334581","article-title":"Role of the gut microbiota in complications after ischemic stroke","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11071239","article-title":"The influence of gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis and management of ischemic stroke","volume":"11","author":"Chidambaram","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S353276","article-title":"Relationships among gut microbiota, ischemic stroke and its risk factors: based on research evidence","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1359-19.2019","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids improve poststroke recovery via immunological mechanisms","volume":"40","author":"Sadler","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114559","article-title":"New insight into gut microbiota and their metabolites in ischemic stroke: A promising therapeutic target","volume":"162","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.105437","article-title":"Ischemic stroke impacts the gut microbiome, ileal epithelial and immune homeostasis","volume":"25","author":"Ge","year":"2022","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2022.0104","article-title":"Functions of gut microbiota metabolites, current status and future perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08530","article-title":"Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR43","volume":"461","author":"Maslowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12721","article-title":"Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells","volume":"504","author":"Furusawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4030","article-title":"Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS","volume":"18","author":"Erny","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2819","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-27086-x","article-title":"Inhibition of inflammatory microglia by dietary fiber and short-chain fatty acids","volume":"13","author":"Caetano-Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1578018","article-title":"The role of the tryptophan metabolites in gut microbiota-brain axis and potential treatments: a focus on ischemic stroke","volume":"16","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1758008","article-title":"Host-microbiome interactions: the aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a critical node in tryptophan metabolites to brain signaling","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666151214125950","article-title":"The kynurenine pathway in the acute and chronic phases of cerebral ischemia","volume":"22","author":"Cuartero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10071603","article-title":"Role of kynurenine pathway in oxidative stress during neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"10","author":"Mor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-010-0187-2","article-title":"The role of tryptophan catabolism along the kynurenine pathway in acute ischemic stroke","volume":"35","author":"Brouns","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00778","article-title":"Systematic review on the involvement of the kynurenine pathway in stroke: pre-clinical and clinical evidence","volume":"10","author":"Colpo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.105648","article-title":"Microbial-derived metabolites induce actin cytoskeletal rearrangement and protect blood-brain barrier function","volume":"25","author":"Knox","year":"2022","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.15299","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids mediate gut microbiota-brain communication and protect the blood-brain barrier integrity","volume":"1545","author":"Chenghan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12010160","article-title":"Protective role of short-chain fatty acids against ang- II-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in brain endothelial cells: A potential role of heme oxygenase 2","volume":"12","author":"Kassan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53370","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053370","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-9 leads to claudin-5 degradation via the NF-\u03baB pathway in BALB\/c mice with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis","volume":"8","author":"Chiu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.768108","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier disruption by lipopolysaccharide and sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"11","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20160244","article-title":"Trimethylamine N-oxide in atherogenesis: impairing endothelial self-repair capacity and enhancing monocyte adhesion","volume":"37","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065806","article-title":"Modulation of endothelial function by TMAO, a gut microbiota-derived metabolite","volume":"24","author":"Querio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-024-01496-z","article-title":"Gut-brain axis and neuroinflammation: the role of gut permeability and the kynurenine pathway in neurological disorders","volume":"44","author":"Kearns","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03512-7","article-title":"The role of gut microbiota in blood-brain barrier disruption after stroke","volume":"61","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14080399","article-title":"Systematic insights into the relationship between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and stroke with the focus on tryptophan metabolism","volume":"14","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1594834","article-title":"The regulation of neuroinflammatory response after stroke by intestinal flora microorganisms","volume":"15","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020915","article-title":"The role of gut microbiota in an ischemic stroke","volume":"22","author":"Pluta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/174313208X341085","article-title":"Cell adhesion molecules and ischemic stroke","volume":"30","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2021.111467","article-title":"Inflammaging and neurodegenerative diseases: Role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in brain atherosclerotic vascular disease","volume":"195","author":"Cicolari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16655551","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases in the brain and blood-brain barrier: Versatile breakers and makers","volume":"36","author":"Rempe","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-024-01025-0","article-title":"The pleiotropic effects of statins: a comprehensive exploration of neurovascular unit modulation and blood-brain barrier protection","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2010.10.003","article-title":"Free radical scavengers and spin traps\u2013therapeutic implications for ischemic stroke","volume":"24","author":"Doeppner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00023.2016","article-title":"The ACE2\/angiotensin-(1-7)\/MAS axis of the renin-angiotensin system: focus on angiotensin-(1-7)","volume":"98","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-01987-1","article-title":"Stem cell therapies for neurological disorders: current progress, challenges, and future perspectives","volume":"29","author":"Rahimi Darehbagh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2023.578108","article-title":"TREM2, microglial and ischemic stroke","volume":"381","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.842212","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cell in cerebral ischemic stroke: characteristic, immunity-inflammatory role, and therapy","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.4.2.241","article-title":"HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins): use in stroke prevention and outcome after stroke","volume":"4","author":"Moonis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.03.025","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of angiotensin-(1-7) in ischemic stroke","volume":"71","author":"Regenhardt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21817","article-title":"Mechanisms of neuronal cell death in ischemic stroke and their therapeutic implications","volume":"42","author":"Tuo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicinal Res Rev"},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115962","article-title":"TREM2 regulates microglial lipid droplet formation and represses post-ischemic brain injury","volume":"170","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.828447","article-title":"Interleukins and ischemic stroke","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e040474","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.040474","article-title":"Protective effects of interleukin-1 inhibition with anakinra in mouse models of ischemic stroke with and without reperfusion","volume":"14","author":"Chaparro-Cabanillas","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12310","article-title":"The effects of anakinra on focal cerebral ischemic injury in rats","volume":"20","author":"Xia","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.714943","article-title":"Janus kinase inhibition ameliorates ischemic stroke injury and neuroinflammation through reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation via JAK2\/STAT3 pathway inhibition","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-019-01098-8","article-title":"Target of MCC950 in inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation: a literature review","volume":"43","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e014044","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.014044","article-title":"Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome with inhibitor MCC950 prevents aortic aneurysms and dissections in mice","volume":"9","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.117861","article-title":"MCC950 mitigates SIRT3-NLRP3-driven inflammation and rescues post-stroke neurogenesis","volume":"183","author":"Prakash","year":"2025","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201902203RR","article-title":"Chemokine CCL2 contributes to BBB disruption via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway following acute intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"34","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-33","article-title":"CCL2 upregulation triggers hypoxic preconditioning-induced protection from stroke","volume":"9","author":"Stowe","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-021-00356-x","article-title":"Inhibition of the immunoproteasome LMP2 ameliorates ischemia\/hypoxia-induced blood-brain barrier injury through the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signalling pathway","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.3c00456","article-title":"FDCA attenuates neuroinflammation and brain injury after cerebral ischemic stroke","volume":"14","author":"Guan","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)81812-7","article-title":"Isolation of angiopoietin-1, a ligand for the TIE2 receptor, by secretion-trap expression cloning","volume":"87","author":"Davis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.02.042","article-title":"Coupling of neurogenesis and angiogenesis after ischemic stroke","volume":"1623","author":"Ruan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8050471","article-title":"Role of angiopoietin-2 in vascular physiology and pathophysiology","volume":"8","author":"Akwii","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.02105.x","article-title":"Suppressing inflammation by inhibiting the NF-\u03baB pathway contributes to the neuroprotective effect of angiotensin-(1-7) in rats with permanent cerebral ischaemia","volume":"167","author":"Jiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-016-0447-9","article-title":"Translational stroke research on blood-brain barrier damage: challenges, perspectives, and goals","volume":"7","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00844-3","article-title":"The local and peripheral immune responses to stroke: implications for therapeutic development","volume":"17","author":"Zera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14010054","article-title":"From homeostasis to neuroinflammation: insights into cellular and molecular interactions and network dynamics","volume":"14","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1516-2","article-title":"Neuroinflammation: friend and foe for ischemic stroke","volume":"16","author":"Jayaraj","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-021-01145-9","article-title":"Microglia as the critical regulators of neuroprotection and functional recovery in cerebral ischemia","volume":"42","author":"Gaire","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286418789854","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory treatments for stroke: from bench to bedside","volume":"11","author":"Drieu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1930-z","article-title":"Post-stroke inflammation-target or tool for therapy","volume":"137","author":"Lambertsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930231207777","article-title":"Targeting inflammation to reduce recurrent stroke","volume":"19","author":"Zietz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26199801","article-title":"Tracing inflammation in ischemic stroke: biomarkers and clinical insight","volume":"26","author":"Pacinella","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1159\/000321965","article-title":"Biochemical markers for blood-brain barrier dysfunction in acute ischemic stroke correlate with evolution and outcome","volume":"65","author":"Brouns","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2024.110192","article-title":"Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases to reduce blood brain barrier disruption and haemorrhagic transformation in ischaemic stroke: Go broad or go narrow","volume":"262","author":"Kawa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.63195","article-title":"Recent progress and new challenges in modeling of human pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier","volume":"11","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2023.1250123","article-title":"Human BBB-on-a-chip reveals barrier disruption, endothelial inflammation, and T cell migration under neuroinflammatory conditions","volume":"16","author":"Nair","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05067-0","article-title":"Tribulations and future opportunities for artificial intelligence in precision medicine","volume":"22","author":"Carini","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100246","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and multi-omics in pharmacogenomics: A new era of precision medicine","volume":"3","author":"Zack","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc Digit Health"},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-025-00758-2","article-title":"Integrating artificial intelligence in drug discovery and early drug development: a transformative approach","volume":"13","author":"Ocana","year":"2025","journal-title":"biomark Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1716041\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T05:26:09Z","timestamp":1765344369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1716041\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"references-count":248,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1716041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1716041","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"article-number":"1716041"}}