{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:15:40Z","timestamp":1789661740426,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aims to identify the risk factors for central hypoventilation in patients with anti-\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      -methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis who were hospitalized between January 2020 and January 2025 were identified from the Tianjin Huanhu Hospital database, affiliated with Tianjin University. Patients were categorized into a central hypoventilation group and a non-central hypoventilation group, and potential risk factors were collected. Statistical methods were used to compare the two groups and identify risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The analysis revealed that the central hypoventilation group exhibited a higher incidence of involuntary movements (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7\u00b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      =5.662,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.017), lower admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores (\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      =-3.749,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt;0.001), and higher cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antibody titers compared with the non-hypoventilation group (\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      =-3.344,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified only admission GCS score and CSF antibody titer as independent risk factors. A lower GCS score [\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.018;\n                      <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>95% CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      ): 0.556 (0.343, 0.903)] and a higher CSF antibody titer [\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.048;\n                      <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>95% CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      ): &amp;lt;0.001 (0.000, 0.903)] significantly increased the likelihood of central hypoventilation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Disturbances in consciousness and elevated CSF antibody titers are risk factors for central hypoventilation in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. It is imperative to closely monitor the respiratory status and oxygenation levels of patients identified as high-risk, conduct regular blood gas analyses, and implement respiratory support and more aggressive immunotherapy when necessary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1718192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T06:35:42Z","timestamp":1765434942000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Risk factors for central hypoventilation in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 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