{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T06:40:20Z","timestamp":1764916820128,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Mycoplasma phocimorsus<\/jats:italic>\n                      is increasingly recognized as an emerging human pathogen, despite its primary association with marine mammals. It has recently been identified as a causative agent of bloodstream infections and sepsis, a major cause of mortality among hospitalized patients. To date, no approved vaccine is available against\n                      <jats:italic>M. phocimorsus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , underscoring the urgent need for preventive strategies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The current study was aimed at employing immunoinformatic approaches to design a vaccine based on multiple epitopes derived from the six core proteomic datasets of representative\n                      <jats:italic>M. phocimorsus<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      By subtractive genomics, we retrieved 3,576 nonredundant proteins from\n                      <jats:italic>M. phocimorsus<\/jats:italic>\n                      proteomes following only one putative immunoglobulin-blocking virulence outer membrane protein conserved in six strains. The epitopes derived from the putative immunoglobulin-blocking virulence protein exhibited promising features such as strong binding affinity, lack of allergenicity, nontoxic properties, high antigenicity scores, and excellent solubility. Moreover, these epitopes include nine linear B cell epitopes, eight MHC class I epitopes, and five MHC class II epitopes. In addition, adjuvants and linker molecules were successfully merged into a chimeric vaccine with significant immunogenicity and stimulation of both adaptive and innate immune responses. The promising potential of the selected vaccine candidates was further validated through their favorable physico-chemical characteristics, strong interaction with TLR-4, and stable performance in molecular dynamics simulations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These results suggest that the putative immunoglobulin-blocking outer membrane virulence protein could effectively participate in activating the primary innate immune response, thereby serving as a strong foundation for subsequent adaptive immune activation. The proposed vaccine provides substantial basis for developing effective preventive and therapeutic measures against the zoonotic\n                      <jats:italic>M. phocimorsus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , whose association with sepsis, soft tissue, and respiratory infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals emphasizes the crucial need for vaccine development.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1719398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T06:29:25Z","timestamp":1764916165000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An integrated immunoinformatic approach to design a novel multiepitope chimeric vaccine against Mycoplasma phocimorsus as a causal agent of bloodstream infections"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Rongrong","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wadi B.","family":"Alonazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Bin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-024-00487-x","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of bloodstream infections using a culture-free phenotypic 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