{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T10:51:26Z","timestamp":1781693486138,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) is an asthma phenotype with a complex pathogenesis involving chemokine-mediated inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the association between chemokine levels and symptoms triggered by NSAIDs and alcohol in patients with N-ERD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy-two subjects (41 N-ERD, 20 NSAID-tolerant asthma [NTA], and 11 healthy controls) were assessed via questionnaire, lung function tests, and measurement of selected chemokines in serum, urine, and exhaled breath condensate (EBC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>N-ERD patients exhibited significantly higher CCL17\/TARC levels in EBC compared to controls (p&amp;lt;0.001). Both N-ERD and NTA groups had elevated serum CCL5\/RANTES levels relative to controls (p=0.002 and p=0.04, respectively). Respiratory symptoms after alcohol consumption were reported by 48% of N-ERD patients, significantly more frequent than in controls (p&amp;lt;0.05), with dyspnea more common in N-ERD than NTA (p=0.03). In N-ERD patients, serum CCL17\/TARC levels were lower in those experiencing dyspnea after NSAIDs (p=0.03), while serum CXCL10\/IP-10 levels were higher in patients with mixed (not only respiratory) symptoms (p=0.015). Alcohol symptoms in N-ERD correlated with lower urinary CCL5\/RANTES levels (p=0.01). Nasal blockage after alcohol was associated with reduced CCL17\/TARC in EBC (p=0.01), and dyspnea after alcohol correlated with lower serum CCL26\/Eotaxin-3 (p=0.047).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chemokine profiles differ according to symptom type following NSAID or alcohol exposure in N-ERD patients. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of N-ERD and suggest distinct inflammatory pathways linked to clinical presentations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1722171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T05:14:54Z","timestamp":1767762894000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The relationship of chemokine levels and the type of symptoms caused by NSAIDs or alcohol in patients with NSAIDs-exacerbated respiratory disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Karolina","family":"Frachowicz-Guerreiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz","place":["Lodz, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Gajewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz","place":["Lodz, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Cha\u0142ubi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz","place":["Lodz, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Wardzy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz","place":["Lodz, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.016003432.x","article-title":"Natural history of aspirin-induced asthma. 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