{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T10:03:24Z","timestamp":1780394604360,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LU1357, GRK2740, FSB1181, FOR2886, GRK2599"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LU1357, GRK2740, FSB1181, FOR2886, GRK2599"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Chronic Q fever is caused by persistent infection with the Gram-negative bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The mechanisms underlying this persistence remain elusive, but the presence of the bacteria in the bone marrow of\n                    <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected patients has been demonstrated. Therefore, we investigated the potential role of osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells, in harboring\n                    <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    during infection. The histological analysis of bones from a murine model of Q fever revealed the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    inside osteoclasts.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection assays confirmed that osteoclasts can be infected with\n                    <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and supported bacterial replication in a type IVB secretion system (T4BSS)-dependent manner. Wild-type\n                    <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection inhibited osteoclast differentiation and bone-resorbing activity, while the T4BSS mutant enhanced the differentiation and bone-degrading function of osteoclasts. Taken together, our findings identify osteoclasts as a potential host cell for\n                    <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This opens new perspectives on the mechanisms that may underlie chronic Q fever as well as questioning the putative consequences on bone biology in chronically affected patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1724684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T06:47:45Z","timestamp":1769150865000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Coxiella burnetii infects osteoclasts and alters their differentiation and function in a type IV secretion system-dependent manner"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Chaobo","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t (FAU) Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","place":["Erlangen, Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine 3, 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