{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T05:43:19Z","timestamp":1789191799668,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Brucellosis, caused by\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>Ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), is one of the most common zoonoses worldwide. Some components of the bacteria can be recognized by the innate immune system and understanding these mechanisms is necessary for directing future vaccines and therapies against brucellosis. Our group has demonstrated that STING molecule contributes to host protection against\n                      <jats:italic>Ba in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Considering that\n                      <jats:italic>Ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      has ability to subvert the immune response, the study of the mechanisms of host cell activation becomes fundamental for the development of measures to control bacterial replication. Currently, there is no data reporting which innate immune cell is important for STING-dependent control of\n                      <jats:italic>Ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Therefore, we used conditional knockout animals for STING in dendritic cells (CD11c-SKO) and in macrophages (LysM-SKO). WT, LysM-SKO and CD11c-SKO mice were infected with 1\u00d710\n                      <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                      CFU of\n                      <jats:italic>Ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      intraperitoneally. In parallel, BMDMs and BMDCs from WT, CD11c-SKO and LysM-SKO mice were infected with\n                      <jats:italic>Ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MOI 100) for 17 hrs. Next, we evaluated CFU and histology of the liver\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      and LDH, cytokines and pyroptosis\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Infected LysM-SKO mice, but not SKO-CD11c, showed an increase in CFU compared to infected WT animals.\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      , the supernatant of infected BMDMs and BMDCs from LysM-SKO and CD11c-SKO animals showed decreased LDH and IL1-\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 when compared with WT cells. The absence of STING in infected BMDMs decreased the amount of cleaved caspase-1, -11 and GSDMD, evaluated by western blot analysis. The effect of lack of STING was more profound in macrophages than dendritic cells on innate signaling. In both BMDC and BMDM, the absence of STING did not affect NLRP3 expression. Together, these data indicate that STING signaling in macrophages and not in dendritic cells is important to control\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      and impacts on inflammasome signaling pathway.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1727400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T06:43:40Z","timestamp":1768977820000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The impact of STING signaling on myeloid cells highlights macrophages as the major player in controlling Brucella abortus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"K\u00edvia Q.","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina M. G. P.","family":"de Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Mambelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio V.","family":"Marinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo P.","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joao Gustavo P.","family":"Amarante-Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glen","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innate Immunity and Inflammation, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-oncology, the James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University","place":["Columbus, OH, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio C.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"]},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and 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