{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T02:45:46Z","timestamp":1789958746600,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trogocytosis, an active membrane transfer process, impairs the therapeutic efficacy of CAR-T cells by inducing antigen loss from tumor cells. This study investigated whether Bryostatin, a PKC modulator derived from marine organisms, could enhance CD20 CAR-T cell activity by up-regulating the CD20 antigen on tumor cells and promoting T cell activation, differentiation and function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CD20 antigen expression and trogocytosis-mediated membrane transfer were assessed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence following co\u2011culture of CD20 CAR\u2011T cells with Raji or BALL\u20111 cells. Trogocytosis\u2011positive (Trog\u207a) CAR\u2011T cell cytotoxicity and fratricide by fresh CAR\u2011T cells were evaluated by ELISA. Proteomic profiling compared metabolic features of Trog\u207a and Trog\u207b CAR\u2011T cells. Using flow\u2011sorted BALL\u20111 subsets with differential CD20 expression (CD20\n                      <jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>\n                      , CD20\n                      <jats:sup>mid<\/jats:sup>\n                      , CD20\n                      <jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), we examined how antigen density affects CAR\u2011T persistence and killing. Finally, Bryostatin\u2011mediated CD20 upregulation and its therapeutic impact on CAR\u2011T efficacy were tested\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and in a murine subcutaneous lymphoma model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Upon contact with Raji or BALL-1 cells, CD20 CAR\u2011T cells underwent trogocytosis, leading to marked loss of tumor\u2011cell CD20 and impaired cytotoxicity of trogocytosis\u2011positive (Trog\u207a) CAR\u2011T cells, which also became susceptible to fratricide. CD20 antigen density positively correlated with CAR\u2011T killing efficacy. Proteomic analysis revealed that Trog\u207a CAR\u2011T cells exhibited enriched activity in ribosome biogenesis, mRNA surveillance, and RNA catalysis, suggesting elevated protein synthesis alongside exhaustion features. Key MEK\/ERK\u2011related transcription factors (c\u2011JUN, TCF7) linked to T\u2011cell activation were downregulated in Trog\u207a cells. In both\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and mouse lymphoma models, Bryostatin potentiated CD20 CAR\u2011T\u2011mediated tumor suppression. Mechanistically, bryostatin upregulated CD20 expression in tumor cells via the MEK\/ERK pathway and enhanced c\u2011JUN\/TCF7 levels in CAR\u2011T cells, promoting their tumor infiltration.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bryostatin enhances CD20 CAR\u2011T efficacy by counteracting trogocytosis\u2011driven antigen loss and upregulating CD20 expression, providing a promising strategy to overcome antigen escape in lymphoma therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1748634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T09:18:45Z","timestamp":1769073525000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Bryostatin enhances CD20 CAR-T therapy efficacy against B-cell lymphoma by overcoming trogocytosis-mediated antigen loss"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention for Major Diseases of Hebei","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keran","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention for Major Diseases of Hebei","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengzheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention for Major Diseases of Hebei","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention for Major Diseases of Hebei","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention for Major Diseases of Hebei","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuxia","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention for Major Diseases of Hebei","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention for Major Diseases of Hebei","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22042150","article-title":"A review of clinical outcomes of CAR T-cell therapies for B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"22","author":"Martino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26301","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of CD19-directed CAR-T cell therapies in patients with relapsed\/refractory aggressive B-cell lymphomas: Observations from the JULIET, ZUMA-1, and TRANSCEND trials","volume":"96","author":"Westin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1914347","article-title":"KTE-X19 CAR T-cell therapy in relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma","volume":"382","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31366-0","article-title":"Lisocabtagene maraleucel for patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphomas (TRANSCEND NHL 001): a multicentre seamless design study","volume":"396","author":"Abramson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01626-6","article-title":"Long-term survival with donor CD19 CAR-T cell treatment for relapsed patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2024010","DOI":"10.4084\/MJHID.2024.010","article-title":"CAR-T cell therapy in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"16","author":"Testa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5570","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31818-y","article-title":"High-throughput mutagenesis identifies mutations and RNA-binding proteins controlling CD19 splicing and CART-19 therapy resistance","volume":"13","author":"Cort\u00e9s-L\u00f3pez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1054-1","article-title":"CAR T cell trogocytosis and cooperative killing regulate tumour antigen escape","volume":"568","author":"Hamieh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093426","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2022.2093426","article-title":"Trogocytosis and fratricide killing impede MSLN-directed CAR T cell functionality","volume":"11","author":"Schoutrop","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.825364","article-title":"Bryostatin activates CAR-T cell antigen-non-specific killing (CTAK), and CAR-T NK-like killing for pre-B ALL, while blocking cytolysis of a Burkitt lymphoma cell line","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-024-02444-y","article-title":"Leveraging CRISPR gene editing technology to optimize the efficacy, safety and accessibility of CAR T-cell therapy","volume":"38","author":"Lei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz9356","article-title":"Structure of CD20 in complex with the therapeutic monoclonal antibody rituximab","volume":"367","author":"Roug\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/jh1341","article-title":"Retrospective study of CD20 expression loss in relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"13","author":"Marshalek","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hematol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01245","article-title":"Therapeutic antibodies: what have we learnt from targeting CD20 and where are we going","volume":"8","author":"Marshall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-020-03198-7","article-title":"Sequential anti-CD19, 22, and 20 autologous chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) treatments of a child with relapsed refractory Burkitt lymphoma: a case report and literature review","volume":"146","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-00856-8","article-title":"Bispecific CAR-T cells targeting both CD19 and CD22 for therapy of adults with relapsed or refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"13","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020005278","article-title":"Optimized tandem CD19\/CD20 CAR-engineered T cells in refractory\/relapsed B-cell lymphoma","volume":"136","author":"Tong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabc6401","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abc6401","article-title":"Trispecific CD19-CD20-CD22-targeting duoCAR-T cells eliminate antigen-heterogeneous B cell tumors in preclinical models","volume":"13","author":"Schneider","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01497-1","article-title":"CAR T cells with dual targeting of CD19 and CD22 in pediatric and young adult patients with relapsed or refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a phase 1 trial","volume":"27","author":"Cordoba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.11.028","article-title":"ARI0003: Co-transduced CD19\/BCMA dual-targeting CAR-T cells for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"33","author":"Bachiller","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023022348","article-title":"Loss of CD20 expression as a mechanism of resistance to mosunetuzumab in relapsed\/refractory B-cell lymphomas","volume":"143","author":"Schuster","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-017-0612-x","article-title":"Rituximab in B-cell hematologic Malignancies: a review of 20 years of clinical experience","volume":"34","author":"Salles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2020.1822318","article-title":"Anti-CD20 treatment for B-cell Malignancies: current status and future directions","volume":"21","author":"Klein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101189","article-title":"Loss of CD20 and bound CD20 antibody from opsonized B cells occurs more rapidly because of trogocytosis mediated by Fc receptor-expressing effector cells than direct internalization by the B cells","volume":"187","author":"Beum","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01585-2","article-title":"Low-affinity CAR T cells exhibit reduced trogocytosis, preventing rapid antigen loss, and increasing CAR T cell expansion","volume":"36","author":"Olson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.06.052","article-title":"Antigen-specific inhibition of high-avidity T cell target lysis by low-avidity T cells via trogocytosis","volume":"8","author":"Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/CNV-120025095","article-title":"Bryostatin-1: a novel PKC inhibitor in clinical development","volume":"21","author":"Kortmansky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Invest"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.03.014","article-title":"Bryostatin-1 inhibits cell proliferation of hepatocarcinoma and induces cell cycle arrest by activation of GSK3\u03b2","volume":"512","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0195321","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01953-21","article-title":"Bryostatin-1 decreases HIV-1 infection and viral production in human primary macrophages","volume":"96","author":"Hany","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1187411","article-title":"Bryostatin-1: a promising compound for neurological disorders","volume":"14","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2011.049155","article-title":"The cytotoxicity of anti-CD22 immunotoxin is enhanced by Bryostatin 1 in B-cell lymphomas through CD22 upregulation and PKC-\u03b2II depletion","volume":"97","author":"Biberacher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-3784","article-title":"Modulation of target antigen density improves CAR T-cell functionality and persistence","volume":"25","author":"Ramakrishna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2672","article-title":"Evidence of long-lasting anti-CD19 activity of engrafted CD19 chimeric antigen receptor\u2013modified T cells in a phase I study targeting pediatrics with acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"37","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e116","DOI":"10.1038\/cti.2016.73","article-title":"All-trans retinoic acid enhances cytotoxic effect of T cells with an anti-CD38 chimeric antigen receptor in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"5","author":"Yoshida","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Transl Immunol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-19-0945","article-title":"Tuning the antigen density requirement for CAR T-cell activity","volume":"10","author":"Majzner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01986-y","article-title":"MEK inhibition prevents CAR-T cell exhaustion and differentiation via downregulation of c-Fos and JunB","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000003046","article-title":"Targeting metabolism to improve CAR-T cells therapeutic efficacy","volume":"137","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10111567","article-title":"Transcriptional profiling reveals ribosome biogenesis, microtubule dynamics and expression of specific lncRNAs to be part of a common response to cell-penetrating peptides","volume":"10","author":"Venit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2022.03.009","article-title":"CAR T cell therapy and the Tumor microenvironment: current challenges and opportunities","volume":"25","author":"Fonkoua","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Ther Oncolytics"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0442","article-title":"Tumor antigen escape from CAR T-cell therapy","volume":"8","author":"Majzner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10111845","article-title":"Migratory engineering of T cells for cancer therapy","volume":"10","author":"Michaelides","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10051155","article-title":"Shaping of T cell functions by trogocytosis","volume":"10","author":"Nakayama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-62036-2_6","article-title":"Intercellular transfer of immune regulatory molecules via trogocytosis","volume":"73","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Results Probl Cell Differ"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01894-9","article-title":"Outsmarting trogocytosis to boost CAR NK\/T cell therapy","volume":"22","author":"Ramezani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10051255","article-title":"The role of trogocytosis in the modulation of immune cell functions","volume":"10","author":"Miyake","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.791006","article-title":"Gnawing between cells and cells in the immune System: friend or foe? A review of trogocytosis","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01894-2","article-title":"Trogocytosis in CAR immune cell therapy: a key mechanism of tumor immune escape","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09539-1","article-title":"Proteotoxic stress response drives T cell exhaustion and immune evasion","volume":"647","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15742-7","article-title":"Synthesis and evaluation of designed PKC modulators for enhanced cancer immunotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Hardman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215545","article-title":"Bryostatin placebo-controlled trials indicate cognitive restoration above baseline for advanced Alzheimer's disease in the absence of memantine","volume":"86","author":"Thompson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00175","article-title":"Bryostatin 1 promotes synaptogenesis and reduces dendritic spine density in cortical cultures through a PKC-dependent mechanism","volume":"11","author":"Ly","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2019.10.004","article-title":"Depletion of the transcriptional coactivators CREB-binding protein or EP300 downregulates CD20 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells and impairs the cytotoxic effects of anti-CD20 antibodies","volume":"79","author":"Scialdone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1509874","article-title":"Bryostatin-1 enhances the proliferation and functionality of exhausted CD8+ T cells by upregulating MAP Kinase 11","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170161","article-title":"Bryostatin effects on cognitive function and PKC\u03b5 in alzheimer's disease phase IIa and expanded access trials","volume":"58","author":"Nelson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4441","article-title":"CD22-targeted CAR T cells induce remission in B-ALL that is naive or resistant to CD19-targeted CAR immunotherapy","volume":"24","author":"Fry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/85.22.1812","article-title":"Phase I study of bryostatin 1: assessment of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha induction in vivo","volume":"85","author":"Philip","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.1.56","article-title":"Phase I study of bryostatin 1 in patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"16","author":"Varterasian","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1995.356","article-title":"A phase I trial of bryostatin 1 in patients with advanced Malignancy using a 24 hour intravenous infusion","volume":"72","author":"Jayson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-96-0802","article-title":"Preclinical pharmacology of the natural product anticancer agent bryostatin 1, an activator of protein kinase C","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1748634\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T07:45:04Z","timestamp":1771919104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1748634\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1748634"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1748634","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"article-number":"1748634"}}